Results for 'Specification hierarchy'

972 found
Order:
  1. Hierarchies, similarity, and interactivity in object recognition: “Category-specific” neuropsychological deficits.Glyn W. Humphreys & Emer M. E. Forde - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (3):453-476.
    Category-specific impairments of object recognition and naming are among the most intriguing disorders in neuropsychology, affecting the retrieval of knowledge about either living or nonliving things. They can give us insight into the nature of our representations of objects: Have we evolved different neural systems for recognizing different categories of object? What kinds of knowledge are important for recognizing particular objects? How does visual similarity within a category influence object recognition and representation? What is the nature of our semantic knowledge (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   26 citations  
  2.  23
    Hierarchy, determinism, and specificity in theories of development and evolution.Ute Diechmann - 2017 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 39 (4):33.
    The concepts of hierarchical organization, genetic determinism and biological specificity have played a crucial role in biology as a modern experimental science since its beginnings in the nineteenth century. The idea of genetic information and genetic determination was at the basis of molecular biology that developed in the 1940s with macromolecules, viruses and prokaryotes as major objects of research often labelled “reductionist”. However, the concepts have been marginalized or rejected in some of the research that in the late 1960s began (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3.  34
    Hierarchy, determinism, and specificity in theories of development and evolution.Ute Deichmann - 2017 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 39 (4):33.
    The concepts of hierarchical organization, genetic determinism and biological specificity have played a crucial role in biology as a modern experimental science since its beginnings in the nineteenth century. The idea of genetic information and genetic determination was at the basis of molecular biology that developed in the 1940s with macromolecules, viruses and prokaryotes as major objects of research often labelled “reductionist”. However, the concepts have been marginalized or rejected in some of the research that in the late 1960s began (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4.  32
    Hierarchy and heterarchy in (impact) finance: an ontological analysis.Noriaki Okamoto - 2023 - Rivista di Estetica 84:75-88.
    Although finance is ubiquitous in modern life, its ontological foundation is rarely discussed. This essay considers some key characteristics of finance from a social ontological perspective. It initially argues that money requires some sort of representation, and that financial institutions rely on various forms of cognition as well as documents anchoring representations. From that standpoint, one of the crucial aspects of finance is that it provides reference points through the process of quantification. These reference points are numerical representations that allow (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5.  84
    Hierarchies, Power Inequalities, and Organizational Corruption.Valerie Rosenblatt - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 111 (2):237-251.
    This article uses social dominance theory (SDT) to explore the dynamic and systemic nature of the initiation and maintenance of organizational corruption. Rooted in the definition of organizational corruption as misuse of power or position for personal or organizational gain, this work suggests that organizational corruption is driven by the individual and institutional tendency to structure societies as group-based social hierarchies. SDT describes a series of factors and processes across multiple levels of analysis that systemically contribute to the initiation and (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  6.  99
    Dominance hierarchies and the evolution of human reasoning.Denise Dellarosa Cummins - 1996 - Minds and Machines 6 (4):463-480.
    Research from ethology and evolutionary biology indicates the following about the evolution of reasoning capacity. First, solving problems of social competition and cooperation have direct impact on survival rates and reproductive success. Second, the social structure that evolved from this pressure is the dominance hierarchy. Third, primates that live in large groups with complex dominance hierarchies also show greater neocortical development, and concomitantly greater cognitive capacity. These facts suggest that the necessity of reasoning effectively about dominance hierarchies left an (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  7.  14
    Hierarchies among intertextual references: reading Reggaeton Ilustrado’s digital humour through the colonial matrix of power.Beatriz Carbajal-Carrera - 2024 - Critical Discourse Studies 21 (3):341-360.
    This article examines intertextuality in digital humour through a combination of tools from pragmatics and decoloniality. The study draws on a dataset of Spanish image macros that intertwine highbrow and lowbrow intertextual references. The analysis is framed by key theoretical concepts at the discursive and hierarchical levels. Specifically, three domains of the colonial matrix of power (knowledge, humanity and governance) are used as analytical categories to identify specific intertextual strategies and hierarchies present in the data. The visual and verbal components (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  8.  42
    Moving up the hierarchy: A hypothesis on the evolution of a genetic sex determination pathway.Adam S. Wilkins - 1995 - Bioessays 17 (1):71-77.
    A hypothesis on the evolutionary origin of the genetic pathway of sex determination in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is presented here. It is suggested that the pathway arose in steps, driven by frequency‐dependent selection for the minority sex at each step, and involving the sequential acquisition of dominant negative, neomorphic genetic switches, each one reversing the action of the previous one. A central implication is that the genetic pathway evolved in reverse order from the final step in the hierarchy (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  9.  32
    Cognition in a Hierarchy.Ricardo Blaug - 2007 - Contemporary Political Theory 6 (1):24-44.
    To contribute to the organizational turn in research on participatory democracy, this paper examines the effects of organizational hierarchy on individual thinking. Power corrupts, but neither political scientists nor psychologists can really tell us how. To identify mechanisms by which it does so, the paper introduces recent advances in the field of cognitive psychology, here to suspicious political theorists. The study of cognition shows that we actively make meaning, and that we do so with a discernable neurological apparatus. The (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  10.  19
    Extrapolating a Hierarchy of Building Block Systems Towards Future Neural Network Organisms.Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis - 2001 - Acta Biotheoretica 49 (3):171-189.
    It is possible to predict future life forms? In this paper it is argued that the answer to this question may well be positive. As a basis for predictions a rationale is used that is derived from historical data, e.g. from a hierarchical classification that ranks all building block systems, that have evolved so far. This classification is based on specific emergent properties that allow stepwise transitions, from low level building blocks to higher level ones. This paper shows how this (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  11. Moral equality and social hierarchy.Han van Wietmarschen - 2025 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 110 (1):97-112.
    Social egalitarianism holds that justice requires that people relate to one another as equals. To explain the content of this requirement, social egalitarians often appeal to the moral equality of persons. This leads to two very different interpretations of social egalitarianism. The first involves the specification of a conception of the moral equality of persons that is distinctive of the social egalitarian view. Social (or relational) egalitarianism can then claim that for people to relate as equals is for the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  12.  54
    Mechanism Hierarchy Realism and Function Perspectivalism.Joe Dewhurst & Alistair M. C. Isaac - unknown
    Mechanistic explanation involves the attribution of functions to both mechanisms and their component parts, and function attribution plays a central role in the individuation of mechanisms. Our aim in this paper is to investigate the impact of a perspectival view of function attribution for the broader mechanist project, and specifically for realism about mechanistic hierarchies. We argue that, contrary to the claims of function perspectivalists such as Craver, one cannot endorse both function perspectivalism and mechanistic hierarchy realism: if functions (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  13.  53
    The Hierarchy of Human Rights and the Transcendental System of Right.Fernando Suárez Müller - 2019 - Human Rights Review 20 (1):47-66.
    This paper analyses the relatively neglected topic of hierarchy in the philosophical foundation of human rights. It develops a transcendental-discursive approach. This approach develops the idea that all human rights could be derived from a small set of fundamental rights that are interconnected and that incorporate all ulterior possible specific rights. This set is then applied to an analysis of human rights as they have been formulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The claim is that this prior (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  14. Hierarchy and Power in the History of Civilizations: Cultural Dimensions.Leonid Grinin & Andrey Korotayev (eds.) - 2009 - Moscow: KRASAND.
    The human history has evidenced various systems of hierarchy and power, various manifestations of power and hierarchy relations in different spheres of social life from politics to information networks, from culture to sexual life. A careful study of each particular case of such relations is very important, es-pecially within the context of contemporary multipolar and multicultural world. In the meantime it is very important to see both the general features typical for all or most of the hierarchy (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  15. The ergodic hierarchy, randomness and Hamiltonian chaos.Joseph Berkovitz, Roman Frigg & Fred Kronz - 2006 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 37 (4):661-691.
    Various processes are often classified as both deterministic and random or chaotic. The main difficulty in analysing the randomness of such processes is the apparent tension between the notions of randomness and determinism: what type of randomness could exist in a deterministic process? Ergodic theory seems to offer a particularly promising theoretical tool for tackling this problem by positing a hierarchy, the so-called ‘ergodic hierarchy’, which is commonly assumed to provide a hierarchy of increasing degrees of randomness. (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   36 citations  
  16. The Reverse Hierarchy Theory of Visual Perceptual Learning.Merav Ahissar & Shaul Hochstein - 2004 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (10):457-464.
    Perceptual learning can be defined as practice-induced improvement in the ability to perform specific perceptual tasks. We previously proposed the Reverse Hierarchy Theory as a unifying concept that links behavioral findings of visual learning with physiological and anatomical data. Essentially, it asserts that learning is a top-down guided process, which begins at high-level areas of the visual system, and when these do not suffice, progresses backwards to the input levels, which have a better signal-to-noise ratio. This simple concept has (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   54 citations  
  17. Maslow’s Hierarchy and the Rise of the Utilitarian Consumer.Ghazal Hakemi - manuscript
    It is the focus of this paper to tackle the topic of how consumers affect their surrounding environment and, more specifically, how they can affect animal welfare. Through comparisons with the Darwinist survivalist consumption habits and Maslow´s hierarchy, our modern society´s needs and habits are evaluated. Finally a Utilitarian approach, with the goal of the rise of the conscious consumer, is suggested for our so-called advanced societies.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  75
    The pecking order: social hierarchy as a philosophical problem.Niko Kolodny - 2023 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
    Our political thinking is driven, far more than philosophers recognize, by a concern for social equality and, more specifically, a concern to avoid relations of inferiority. Niko Kolodny argues that, in order to make sense of the most familiar ideas in our political thought and discourse - the justification of the state, democracy, and rule of law, as well as objections to paternalism and corruption - we cannot merely appeal to freedom (as libertarians like Nozick do) or to distributive fairness (...)
    No categories
  19. Role functions, mechanisms, and hierarchy.Carl F. Craver - 2001 - Philosophy of Science 68 (1):53-74.
    Many areas of science develop by discovering mechanisms and role functions. Cummins' (1975) analysis of role functions-according to which an item's role function is a capacity of that item that appears in an analytic explanation of the capacity of some containing system-captures one important sense of "function" in the biological sciences and elsewhere. Here I synthesize Cummins' account with recent work on mechanisms and causal/mechanical explanation. The synthesis produces an analysis of specifically mechanistic role functions, one that uses the characteristic (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   294 citations  
  20.  27
    A scoping review exploring the impact and negotiation of hierarchy in healthcare organisations.Ryan Essex, Jack Kennedy, Denise Miller & Jill Jameson - 2023 - Nursing Inquiry 30 (4):e12571.
    Healthcare organisations are hierarchical; almost all are organised around the ranking of individuals by authority or status, whether this be based on profession, expertise, gender or ethnicity. Hierarchy is important for several reasons; it shapes the delivery of care, what is prioritised and who receives care. It also has an impact on healthcare workers and how they work and communicate together in organisations. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the qualitative evidence related to hierarchy in (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  21. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Construct a Measure of the Magnitude of Consequences Component of Moral Intensity.Eric W. Stein & Norita Ahmad - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 89 (3):391-407.
    The purpose of this work is to elaborate an empirically grounded mathematical model of the magnitude of consequences component of "moral intensity", 366, 1991) that can be used to evaluate different ethical situations. The model is built using the analytical hierarchy process and empirical data from the legal profession. One contribution of our work is that it illustrates how AHP can be applied in the field of ethics. Following a review of the literature, we discuss the development of the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  22. On Pearl's Hierarchy and the Foundations of Causal Inference.Elias Bareinboim, Juan Correa, Duligur Ibeling & Thomas Icard - 2022 - In Hector Geffner, Rita Dechter & Joseph Halpern, Probabilistic and Causal Inference: the Works of Judea Pearl. ACM Books. pp. 507-556.
    Cause and effect relationships play a central role in how we perceive and make sense of the world around us, how we act upon it, and ultimately, how we understand ourselves. Almost two decades ago, computer scientist Judea Pearl made a breakthrough in understanding causality by discovering and systematically studying the “Ladder of Causation” [Pearl and Mackenzie 2018], a framework that highlights the distinct roles of seeing, doing, and imagining. In honor of this landmark discovery, we name this the Pearl (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  23.  15
    Reforming Unjust Hierarchies.Jinyu Sun - 2023 - Ethical Perspectives 30 (1):3-18.
    The book Just Hierarchies: Why Social Hierarchies Matter in China and the Rest of the World by Daniel A. Bell and Pei Wang aims to answer the following question: 'Should morally justifiable social hierarchies structure our social lives on an everyday basis, including our relations with loved ones?' Bell and Wang respond positively. In this article, I mainly focus on the relations between intimates, examining the arguments from the perspective of social egalitarianism and feminism. Bell and Wang argue that hierarchies (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. Conditionals and the Hierarchy of Causal Queries.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Simon Stephan & Michael R. Waldmann - 2021 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1 (12):2472-2505.
    Recent studies indicate that indicative conditionals like "If people wear masks, the spread of Covid-19 will be diminished" require a probabilistic dependency between their antecedents and consequents to be acceptable (Skovgaard-Olsen et al., 2016). But it is easy to make the slip from this claim to the thesis that indicative conditionals are acceptable only if this probabilistic dependency results from a causal relation between antecedent and consequent. According to Pearl (2009), understanding a causal relation involves multiple, hierarchically organized conceptual dimensions: (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  25.  13
    Firms, Markets and Hierarchies: The Transaction Cost Perspective.Glenn R. Carroll & David J. Teece (eds.) - 1999 - Oxford University Press USA.
    This book examines transaction cost economics, the influential theoretical perspective on organizations and industry that was the subject of Oliver Williamson's seminal book,Markets and Hierarchies. Written by leading economists, sociologists, and political scientists, the essays collected here reflect the fruitful intellectual exchange that is occurring across the major social science disciplines. They examine transaction cost economics' general conceptual orientation, its specific theoretical propositions, its applications to policy, and its use in systematic empirical research. The chapters include classic texts, broad review (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26.  38
    Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Identify Material and Relevant CSR Performance Indicators.Marta de la Cuesta, Juan Diego Paredes & Eva Pardo - 2011 - Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 22:479-488.
    This study focuses on the application of multicriteria decision-making techniques, specifically the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to identify corporate socialresponsibility information which both companies and stakeholders consider relevant and material. This work explains how the AHP methodology was applied in the selection of material indicators in corporate social responsibility reporting, the interpretation of these indicators and their relative importance. The results of this study are summarized in 60 indicators distributed in four areas: environment, economy, corporate governance and social. As (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  27.  72
    The Poverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy: A Philosophical Study of Biological Taxonomy.Marc Ereshefsky - 2000 - Cambridge University Press.
    The question of whether biologists should continue to use the Linnaean hierarchy has been a hotly debated issue. Invented before the introduction of evolutionary theory, Linnaeus's system of classifying organisms is based on outdated theoretical assumptions, and is thought to be unable to provide accurate biological classifications. Marc Ereshefsky argues that biologists should abandon the Linnaean system and adopt an alternative that is more in line with evolutionary theory. He traces the evolution of the Linnaean hierarchy from its (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   75 citations  
  28. ‘Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others’: The Hierarchy of Citizenship in Austria.Suleman Lazarus - 2019 - Laws 8 (14):1-20.
    While this article aims to explore the connections between citizenship and ‘race’, it is the first study to use fictional tools as a sociological resource in exemplifying the deviation between citizenship in principle and practice in an Austrian context. The study involves interviews with 73 Austrians from three ethnic/racial groups, which were subjected to a directed approach to qualitative content analysis and coded based on sentences from George Orwell’s fictional book, ‘Animal Farm’. By using fiction as a conceptual and analytical (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  29.  49
    How to Interpret Belief Hierarchies in Bayesian Game Theory: A Dilemma for the Epistemic Program.Cyril Hédoin - 2021 - Erkenntnis 88 (2):1-22.
    This article proposes two interpretations of the concept of belief hierarchies in Bayesian game theory: the behaviorist interpretation and the mentalist interpretation. On the former, belief hierarchies are derived from the players’ preferences over acts. On the latter, they are causal mechanisms that are responsible for the players’ choices and preferences over acts. The claim is that the epistemic program in game theory is potentially confronted with a dilemma regarding which interpretation should be adopted. If the behaviorist interpretation of belief (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30.  42
    On the Meaning of Medical Evidence Hierarchies.Jesper Jerkert - 2021 - Philosophy of Medicine 2 (1).
    Evidence hierarchies are lists of investigative strategies ordered with regard to the claimed strength of evidence. They have been used for a couple of decades within EBM, particularly for the assessment of evidence for treatment recommendations, but they remain controversial. An under-investigated question, from critics and adherents of evidence hierarchies alike, is what the order in the hierarchy means. Four interpretations of the order are distinguished and discussed. The two most credible ones are, roughly expressed, "typically stronger" or "ideally (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  31. Extrapolating a hierarchy of building Block systems towards future neural network organisms.GerardJagersop Akkerhuis - 2001 - Acta Biotheoretica 49 (3).
    It is possible to predict future life forms? In this paper it is argued that the answer to this question may well be positive. As a basis for predictions a rationale is used that is derived from historical data, e.g. from a hierarchical classification that ranks all building block systems, that have evolved so far. This classification is based on specific emergent properties that allow stepwise transitions, from low level building blocks to higher level ones. This paper shows how this (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  32.  39
    Discussing social hierarchies and the importance of genetic ties: a commentary on Petersen.Seppe Segers - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (3):169-170.
    I am happy to comment on T S Petersen’s1 examination of the ‘individualization argument against non-medical egg freezing ’. Petersen intervenes in the ethical discussion on egg freezing by critically reconsidering a specific type of argument against oocyte cryopreservation for reasons that are not directly related with medical issues. Petersen dissects the claim that such non-medical usage is ‘an individualistic and morally problematic solution to the social problems that women face, for instance, in the labour market’.1 Proponents of this argument (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  33. Level Theory, Part 2: Axiomatizing the Bare Idea of a Potential Hierarchy.Tim Button - 2021 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 27 (4):461-484.
    Potentialists think that the concept of set is importantly modal. Using tensed language as an heuristic, the following bar-bones story introduces the idea of a potential hierarchy of sets: 'Always: for any sets that existed, there is a set whose members are exactly those sets; there are no other sets.' Surprisingly, this story already guarantees well-foundedness and persistence. Moreover, if we assume that time is linear, the ensuing modal set theory is almost definitionally equivalent with non-modal set theories; specifically, (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  34.  10
    Specificities of Hybrid Risk Formation in the Russian Public Sphere.Alexander Nikiforov - 2023 - Sociology of Power 35 (1):219-241.
    Contemporary research in social science often turns to the problem of the hybridization of politics: analyzing the “gray zone” between authoritarianism and democracy; defining the role of new media, and understanding informal practices in restoring peace in post-conflict societies. The contribution of the present article is based on an investigation of the concept of risk hybridization to explore the reflection on risk in the public sphere for the state, social movements, and citizens. The sociology of U. Beck with the theory (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35.  66
    Numerical Methods, Complexity, and Epistemic Hierarchies.Nicolas Fillion & Sorin Bangu - 2015 - Philosophy of Science 82 (5):941-955.
    Modern mathematical sciences are hard to imagine without appeal to efficient computational algorithms. We address several conceptual problems arising from this interaction by outlining rival but complementary perspectives on mathematical tractability. More specifically, we articulate three alternative characterizations of the complexity hierarchy of mathematical problems that are themselves based on different understandings of computational constraints. These distinctions resolve the tension between epistemic contexts in which exact solutions can be found and the ones in which they cannot; however, contrary to (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  36.  21
    From administrator to CEO: Exploring changing representations of hierarchy and prestige in a diachronic corpus of academic management writing.Mark Learmonth & Gerlinde Mautner - 2020 - Discourse and Communication 14 (3):273-293.
    We explore the lexical choices made by authors published in Administrative Science Quarterly, a major academic journal in business and management studies. We do so via a corpus constructed from all the articles published in ASQ from its first publication in 1956 up until the end of 2018. Specifically, our focus is on lexical items that represent social actors. Our findings suggest that, compared with earlier work, recent articles typically ascribe greater status and prestige to organizational elites. Relatively contemporary papers (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  37. New Perspective for the Philosophy of Science: Re-Construction and Definition of New Branches & Hierarchy of Sciences.Refet Ramiz - 2016 - Philosophy Study 6 (7):377-416.
    In this work, author evaluated past theories and perspectives behind the definitions of science and/or branches of science. Also some of the philosophers of science and their specific philosophical interests were expressed. Author considered some type of interactions between some disciplines to determine, to solve the philosophical/scientific problems and to define the possible solutions. The purposes of this article are: (i) to define new synthesis method, (ii) to define new perspective for the philosophy of science, (iii) to define relation between (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  38.  49
    The Angelic Hierarchy: Aligning Ethical Push and Pull.Mark Walker - 2008 - Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology 2 (3).
    A complementary `monetary' system is proposed: a computer-based system that allows us to assess the relative pro-community altruism of individuals. Such an arrangement could provide us with an alternate means of seeking social recognition than that offered by capitalism; specifically it offers the possibility of recognition based on altruistic contributions to society. This proposal promises several ethical advantages to our present social arrangements.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39.  12
    Matrix characterisation of the hierarchy FiCn of bivaluated logics.Víctor Fernández & Gabriela Eisenberg - 2024 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 35 (1):46-67.
    In this paper, we define the family FiCn:={FiCn}n∈ω of logics by means of semantics of bivaluations. This family is a variant of the family of paraconsistent bivaluated Ciun-logics, defined and studied by J. Ciuciura. We will show that every logic in FiCn can be alternatively defined by means of finite matrices. This result arises from the characterisation of the truth-values of the involved matrices (relative to each FiCn-logic) as being specific finite sequences of elements of the set 2 := {0,1}. (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40.  21
    An Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process in Risk Evaluation Model.Geng Peng, Lu Han, Zeyan Liu, Yanyang Guo, Junai Yan & Xinyu Jia - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Conflicts in land exploration are incisive social problems which have been the subject in many studies. Risk assessment of land conflicts is effective to resolve such problems. Specifically, fuzzy mathematics and the analytic hierarchy process were combined together to evaluate risk in land conflicts in our work, which is proved useful to solve uncertainty and imprecision problems. Based on the analysis of the principles for the risk assessment of a land conflicts index system, a set of risk assessment indexes (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41.  23
    Bounded rationality for relaxing best response and mutual consistency: the quantal hierarchy model of decision making.Benjamin Patrick Evans & Mikhail Prokopenko - 2023 - Theory and Decision 96 (1):71-111.
    While game theory has been transformative for decision making, the assumptions made can be overly restrictive in certain instances. In this work, we investigate some of the underlying assumptions of rationality, such as mutual consistency and best response, and consider ways to relax these assumptions using concepts from level-k reasoning and quantal response equilibrium (QRE) respectively. Specifically, we propose an information-theoretic two-parameter model called the quantal hierarchy model, which can relax both mutual consistency and best response while still approximating (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  42.  10
    A Theory of Basic Goods: Structure and Hierarchy.James G. Hanink - 1988 - The Thomist 52 (2):221-245.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:A THEORY OF BASIC GOODS: STRUCTURE AND HIERARCHY* I. FTEN, PERHAPS ALWAYS, moral theory emerges from particular problems. Just how is obscure. The logic of discovery is elusive; and it is harder to explain how we have come to see matters rightly than to recognize that we do, in fact, see them rightly. What counts as a theory, moreover, calls for explication as much as does a theory's (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  43.  19
    Portfolio Selection with respect to the Probabilistic Preference in Variable Risk Appetites: A Double-Hierarchy Analysis Method.Ruitao Gu, Qingjuan Chen & Qiaoyun Zhang - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-14.
    Traditional portfolio selection models mainly obtain the optimized portfolio ratio by focusing on the prices of financial products. However, investors’ multiple preferences and risk appetites are also significant factors that should be taken into account. In consideration of these two factors simultaneously, we propose a double-hierarchy model in this paper. Specifically, the first hierarchy quantifies investors’ risk appetite based on a historical simulation method and probabilistic preference theory. This hierarchy can be utilized to describe investors’ variable risk (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  44.  33
    The Tragic Political Assemblage: Implications of Contemporary Anthropological Debates on Hierarchy, Heterarchy, and Ontology as Political Challenges.Jon Bialecki - 2017 - Substance 46 (1):140-154.
    A project conceiving of political assemblages as anything larger than just an object of intellectual history will have to face a question—what is the potential scope and entailments of the idea of political assemblages outside of the very specific late twentieth-century milieu that it was conceived in? And given the present moment, there is also is much more specific question that should well be taken up: what place any project organized as a political assemblage could have in an era of (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45. Development (and Evolution) of the Universe.Stanley N. Salthe - 2010 - Foundations of Science 15 (4):357-367.
    I distinguish Nature from the World. I also distinguish development from evolution. Development is progressive change and can be modeled as part of Nature, using a specification hierarchy. I have proposed a ‘canonical developmental trajectory’ of dissipative structures with the stages defined thermodynamically and informationally. I consider some thermodynamic aspects of the Big Bang, leading to a proposal for reviving final cause. This model imposes a ‘hylozooic’ kind of interpretation upon Nature, as all emergent features at higher levels (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  46.  32
    Evolutionary morphology and evo-devo: hierarchy and novelty.A. C. Love - 2006 - Theory in Biosciences 124:317–333.
    Although the role of morphology in evolutionary theory remains a subject of debate, assessing the contributions of morphological investigation to evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-devo) is a more circumscribed issue of direct relevance to ongoing research. Historical studies of morphologically oriented researchers and the formation of the Modern Synthesis in the Anglo-American context identify a recurring theme: the synthetic theory of evolution did not capture multiple levels of biological organization. When this feature is incorporated into a philosophical framework for explaining the (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   32 citations  
  47.  32
    Fundamental issues in the evolutionary psychology of music: Assessing innateness and domain-specificity.Timothy Justus & Jeffrey Hutsler - 2005 - Music Perception 23 (1):1–27.
    Evolutionary psychology often does not sufficiently document the innate constraint and domain specificity required for strong adaptationist argument. We develop these criteria within the domain of music. First, we advocate combining computational, developmental, cross-cultural, and neuroscience research to address the ways in which a domain is innately constrained. Candidate constraints in music include the importance of the octave and other simple pitch ratios, the categorization of the octave into tones, the importance of melodic contour, tonal hierarchies, and principles of grouping (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  48.  7
    Ordering Wisdom. The Hierarchy of Philosophical Discourse in Aquinas by Mark D. Jordan. [REVIEW]Antonio Moreno - 1988 - The Thomist 52 (4):745-749.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:BOOK REVIEWS 745 and psycholOgical doctrine developed in Bks. I-II in terms of the traditional theme of macrocosm and microcosm. Theologically, the author understands the classical gods as symbolizing intellects, heavenly bodies, or spirits. The allegorizing tendencies of Porphyry and even Proclus are much in evidence, as abundant citation of parallel texts demonstrates. The most important psychological doctrine inherited from the Neoplatonists, albeit greatly simplified and heavily allegorized, is (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49.  37
    Moving beyond the theoretical: Medical students’ desire for practical, role-specific ethics training.Shana D. Stites, Justin Clapp, Stefanie Gallagher & Autumn Fiester - 2018 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 9 (3):154-163.
    Background: It has been widely reported that medical trainees experience situations with profound ethical implications during their clinical rotations. To address this, most U.S. medical schools include ethics curricula in their undergraduate programs. However, the contents of these curricula vary substantially. Our pilot study aimed to discover, from the students’ perspective, how ethics pedagogy prepares medical students for clerkship and what gaps might remain. Methods: This qualitative study organized focus groups of third- and fourth-year medical students. Participants recounted ethical concerns (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  50. What and where in the human visual system: Two hierarchies of visual modules.L. M. Vaina - 1990 - Synthese 83 (1):49-91.
    In this paper we focus on the modularity of visual functions in the human visual cortex, that is, the specific problems that the visual system must solve in order to achieve recognition of objects and visual space. The computational theory of early visual functions is briefly reviewed and is then used as a basis for suggesting computational constraints on the higher-level visual computations. The remainder of the paper presents neurological evidence for the existence of two visual systems in man, one (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
1 — 50 / 972