En los albores de una nueva etapa en el Antropoceno, marcada por el avance de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, la robótica, la hiperconectividad mediante dispositivos móviles digitales, los sensores remotos, la realidad virtual y la inteligencia artificial; la ciencia, la filosofía y la sociedad en general comienza a cuestionarse los impactos tanto ecológicos como ontológicos de estas tecnologías sobre el bienestar humano y el bienestar de la naturaleza. En este contexto, este artículo, elaborado a partir de (...) una revisión bibliográfica de definiciones precedentes, sobre la base de un enfoque holístico y biocéntrico que posiciona a la naturaleza en el centro de la problemática, busca aportar a la discusión teórica y filosófica acerca del concepto de ‘transnaturaleza’. Entendiendo a la ‘transnaturaleza’ de una manera alternativa a la que se puede desprender desde el enfoque de transhumanismo antropocéntrico dominante vigente. Con esto se espera, aportar a la reflexión ética y teórica sobre la relación humano-tecnología-naturaleza en el contexto de la policrisis vigente, con el propósito de incentivar transformaciones valóricas y conceptuales que propicien futuros más auspiciosos para la naturaleza en su noción amplia y compleja que integra tanto a seres humanos como no humanos. (shrink)

With the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the news industry, media organizations have begun publishing guidelines that aim to promote the responsible, ethical, and unbiased implementation of AI-based technologies. These guidelines are expected to serve journalists and media workers by establishing best practices and a framework that helps them navigate ever-evolving AI tools. Drawing on institutional theory and digital inequality concepts, this study analyzes 37 AI guidelines for media purposes in 17 countries. Our analysis reveals key thematic (...) areas, such as transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, and the preservation of journalistic values. Results highlight shared principles and best practices that emerge from these guidelines, including the importance of human oversight, explainability of AI systems, disclosure of automated content, and protection of user data. However, the geographical distribution of these guidelines, highlighting the dominance of Western nations, particularly North America and Europe, can further ongoing concerns about power asymmetries in AI adoption and consequently isomorphism outside these regions. Our results may serve as a resource for news organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders looking to navigate the complex AI development toward creating a more inclusive and equitable digital future for the media industry worldwide. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that, despite the progress made in recent years, virtue argumentation theory still lacks a more systematic acknowledgment of other-regarding virtues. A fuller recognition of such virtues not only enriches the field of research of virtue argumentation theory in significant ways, but also allows for a richer and more intuitive view of the virtuous arguer. A fully virtuous arguer, it is argued, should care to develop both self-regarding and other-regarding virtues. He should be concerned both with (...) his own development as an arguer and with helping other arguers in that regard. (shrink)

Tradução de um artigo do discípulo de Husserl, Paul Landsberg, publicado em 1939, onde o autor tece algumas considerações sobre a ideia que Husserl tinha da filosofia.

This article aims to examine Johann Gottlieb Fichte's lectures on the destination of the erudite, in particular his contributions to thinking about ethics. In this writing, the philosopher makes a series of reflections on the role of each individual in society, and states that each one has a vocation to be freely chosen, and therefore exercised. Since human beings are essentially dignified, they are allowed to use only things and not their fellow human beings: as a result, they are their (...) own ends. The erudite, in particular, has the vocation to contribute directly to the ultimate goal of the human being, and this goal includes the moral improvement of each individual who makes up society. (shrink)

Although organic standards and certification schemes have a crucial role in ensuring quality, safety, and sustainability within food systems, there is a need to critically analyze their implications on human capabilities within alternative food networks (AFNs). Therefore, this paper draws upon the capability approach to analyze the implications of three governance mechanisms (i.e., third-party, social control, and hybrid certification) on human flourishing within AFNs in Ceará, Brazil. The three cases primarily build on 66 interviews with farmers, consumers, AFN owners and (...) employees, certifying officials, governmental and non-governmental representatives, and researchers. Third-party certification has some positive effects in terms of material, political, and environmental capabilities and many negative effects regarding social/cultural capabilities. Social control certification bolsters material, social/cultural, political, and environmental capabilities for the benefit of farmers and consumers. Hybrid certification increases the material control, political power, social legitimacy, and environmental governance of market intermediaries. The findings can help scholars, practitioners, and policymakers rethink the role of organic standardization and certification in fostering fundamental human capabilities and tackling inequalities within AFNs. (shrink)

La extensión universitaria es una de las vías en las que la Universidad demuestra su carácter de centro cultural de suma importancia para el desarrollo. En el artículo se valora su importancia e impacto en la sociedad; definiciones del concepto de extensión y de los modelos que poseen en la actualidad un arraigo en la vida de las instituciones de educación superior, estos últimos responden a diversas posturas ideológicas y concepciones acerca de la relación que debe existir entre la Universidad, (...) la sociedad y los sectores involucrados. Se analizan tres conceptos directamente relacionados con la temática de manera determinante: cultura, pertinencia y desarrollo sostenible. University extension is one of the ways through which the university shows being a very important cultural center for guaranteeing the development. In the following article its relevance and impact in the society is assessed; as well as the definition of the concepts of extension and the models that nowadays are very deep-rooted in the life of the high education institutions. These models respond to the different ideological positions and conceptions related to the relationship that must exist between the university, the society, and the sectors involved. Three concepts directly related to theme of the work are analysed in a determining way: culture, pertinence, and sustainable development. (shrink)

In this research, a sliding mode regulator with sine mapping is suggested for the stabilization of electricity generators being affected by magnet interaction nonlinearities and generator nonlinearities. To reach this goal, our suggested regulator has the following contributions: it starts from the sliding mode regulator with the modifications that the saturation mapping is used to reach a smoother performance instead of the signum mapping, and the sine mapping is applied to reach an upper bound in the proportional gain error, it (...) is used to reach some chosen constant behaviors for the angle position, angle speed, and current in the electricity generators, and its stabilization is ensured based on the Lyapunov approach. We show the simulation of the suggested regulator in two electricity generators. (shrink)

We prove that a simple theory of SU-rank 1 is n-ample if and only if the associated theory equipped with a predicate for an independent dense subset is n-ample for n at least 2.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar cuantitativamente los métodos y técnicas de la investigación teológica en países latinoamericanos de habla hispana, entre 2018 y 2020, para el fomento de herramientas que favorezcan estudios en el área. El estudio fue cuantitativo, positivista y descriptivo, examinando el Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) 2018, revisando, además, artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2020, nueve publicaciones de universidades que ofrecen el programa Teología, trabajos de grado y tesis en repositorios digitales. Para un total (...) de 402 investigaciones sistematizadas, usando el análisis de contenido para discriminar métodos y técnicas utilizados. La información se registró en una matriz para su análisis porcentual por criterios. Se concluye que una quinta parte de las investigaciones usaron exclusivamente métodos sociales, en su mayoría de enfoque cuantitativo y nivel descriptivo. Entre los sociales cualitativos destacaron la fenomenología, IAP, método comparativo y biográfico. Se usaron mayoritariamente métodos teológicos tradicionales: hermenéutico, exegético, praxeológico latinoamericano e histórico-crítico, pero el primero sigue siendo preferido. Las técnicas fueron variadas, mezclando enfoques y métodos, especialmente reflexión, análisis semántico, análisis histórico-gramatical y narración. De las técnicas sociales, la favorita fue encuesta-cuestionario. El país con más publicaciones fue Colombia (45,7 %) y el año con mayor número de estas fue el 2018 (55 %). El enfoque predilecto fue cualitativo (87,1 %), usado mayoritariamente en universidades católicas (78,6 %). El resto (21,4 %) corresponde a universidades adventistas, con más igualdad en los enfoques. (shrink)

Pretendemos neste artigo analisar a relação entre tragédia antiga e moderna tal qual se apresenta na obra _Ou-Ou_, de Kierkegaard. Assim, analisando o conceito de tragédia na antiguidade e sua mudança na modernidade, afigura-se como problema mostrar de que maneira a reflexão acerca do trágico aponta uma condição para que a arte moderna tenha significado. Levando em conta, então, que a tragédia antiga é caracterizada pela ação no seio do Estado, da família e da religião e que, por outro lado, (...) a tragédia moderna é determinada pela reflexão, procura-se mostrar que o pesar ligado à ação e suas consequências, torna-se angústia ligada à reflexão e à possibilidade de uma vida trágica. Para tal, primeiro analisa-se o conceito de tragédia antiga e moderna de acordo com o exposto por Hegel em seus _Cursos de Estética_, desse modo, pode-se melhor ver de que modo Kierkegaard se apropria do exposto por Hegel, mas também de que maneira diverge deste. Isto feito, será possível ver que enquanto Hegel vê na tragédia uma reconciliação das forças opostas, Kierkegaard acentua o caráter esteticamente ambíguo da mesma, afastando-se de qualquer reconciliação. E que, ao assim fazê-lo, indica que a arte moderna só ganha significado com o renascimento do trágico na modernidade. (shrink)

El trabajo identifica las fuentes teológicas patrísticas de la cosmología ambiental en el cristianismo ortodoxo manejadas en el pensamiento de Bartolomé, patriarca ecuménico de Constantinopla. El enfoque investigativo se enmarca en un proceso de análisis discursivo de carácter hermenéutico-interpretativo. Se observa que el despliegue de fuentes patrísticas usadas por el patriarca le permite construir profundos sentidos ambientales anclados en una visión cristiana que presenta canales de expresión desde una narrativa simbólica de corte religiosa, orientada a proporcionar soluciones a la crisis (...) planetaria que vive la humanidad contemporánea. (shrink)

Jose Marti contributed greatly to Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain with words as well as revolutionary action. Although he died before the formation of an independent republic, he has since been hailed as a heroic martyr inspiring Cuban republican traditions.

In this article, we studied the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) of the Brazilian Mercantile, Futures and Stock Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), with the main objective of analyzing the performance of sustainable investments in the Brazilian stock market, during the period from December 2005 to December 2010. To achieve this aim, we characterized ISE portfolios and we compared its performance with the IBOVESPA (representing the market portfolio) and other BM&FBOVESPA sectoral indices. In the performance comparison, we used level of liquidity, return and risk (...) indicators, as well as the following measures: Sharpe, Treynor, Sortino, and Omega. Our results show that although sustainable investments have presented some interesting characteristics, such as increasing liquidity and low diversifiable risk, they did not achieve satisfactory financial performance in the analysis period. This indicates that the constraints imposed by this type of investment in capital allocation in Brazil may be harming their return and risk attractiveness. (shrink)

This paper investigates the structure and composition of the social network formed on the campus of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Diego Portales University, Chile, exposing a series of characteristics that are aligned with similar research in the field of networks. We use a model of social networks formation in order to understand socioeconomic and academic factors that predict the formation of friendship between two students. Specifically, we test empirically our model, using students' administrative information. Of special interest (...) is the impact of the length of stay of the students in the university, with which we refer to the years completed in the degree course, in the probability of establishing friendship ties where being socioeconomically different is a condition. The mechanism behind a result like this is the sense of belongingness that being part of the same institution may induce amongst students. By means of counterfactual simulations we found evidence in favor that passing through the university increases the probability of forming friendship networks, which can mean a kind of social capital, thus reducing socioeconomic segregation from the Chilean school system. Given the importance of this finding, we believe that policies that increase the sense of belongingness such as cultural events, leaderships programs, and community should be implemented on university campuses. (shrink)

. Scientists, for the most part, want to get it right. However, the social structures that govern their work undermine that aim, and this leads to nonreplicable findings in many fields. Because the social structure of science is a decentralized system, it is difficult to intervene. In this article, I discuss how we might do so, focusing on self-corrective-labor schemes. First, I argue that we need to implement a scheme that makes replication work outcome independent, systematic, and sustainable. Second, I (...) use these three criteria to evaluate extant proposals, which place the responsibility for replication on original researchers, consumers of their research, students, or many labs. Third, on the basis of a philosophical analysis of the reward system of science and the benefits of the division of cognitive labor, I propose a scheme that satisfies the criteria better: the professional scheme. This scheme has two main components. First, the scientific community is organized into two groups: discovery researchers, who produce new findings, and confirmation researchers, whose primary function is to do confirmation work. Second, a distinct reward system is established for confirmation researchers so that their career advancement is separated from whether they obtain positive experimental results. (shrink)

El artículo tiene como finalidad justificar por qué es importante incluir las pedagogías propias de los pueblos originarios en los programas de formación docente de educación básica a nivel nacional, como valores compartidos de su patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible. Este patrimonio cultural es el pilar histórico de México, que por supuesto no se encuentra sólo en los pueblos originarios, sino que responde a un proceso histórico social determinado de la nación y que, a pesar de la conquista europea, siguió (...) prevaleciendo en las pedagogías y valores propios de los pueblos originarios. Proponemos cristalizar estos patrimonios culturales de los pueblos originarios para ser considerados como pedagogías propias en los programas de formación docente y desde este campo de formación compartir los valores culturales a través de sus saberes, sabidurías y prácticas culturales que han prevalecido a lo largo de la historia y que den cuenta en los planes y programas de estudio con igualdad y equidad cultural en el Sistema Educativo Nacional. Asimismo, se exponen los procesos de contradicción que los pueblos originarios han vivido y han asumido a lo largo de las políticas educativas dirigidas a la educación indígena. Finalmente, se plantean algunas consideraciones para estos programas de formación docente. (shrink)

Este texto parte de una escena, de una situación compleja y singular que expone Bergson al principio de su Ensayo sobre los datos inmediatos de la conciencia. Se trata del párrafo en el que habla sobre el sentimiento estético de la gracia, en relación con la contemplación de un cuerpo danzante. A partir de una lectura atenta de este pasaje podemos repensar el concepto de duración bergsoniano, comprendiendo su dimensión relacional y continua; en otras palabras, su dimensión rítmica. La danza (...) funcionará como una posible imagen mediadora entre estos conceptos. (shrink)

Resumen: Se aborda el vínculo entre intervención social y espacio en el campo del trabajo social, a partir de la revisión de aspectos centrales de la obra de Henri Lefebvre y sus implicancias para la comprensión de la intervención social. En primer lugar, se concluye de forma general que lo espacial constituye una dimensión ineludible de toda intervención. Ello tiene como implicancias que es necesario avanzar hacia una perspectiva socioespacial transdisciplinaria de la intervención, superar la fragmentación de los procesos de (...) intervención, y repensar el rol de las profesiones de la intervención social en la transformación socioespacial. Los desafíos de estas resultan ser no solo de carácter epistemológico sino también ético-político.: The link between social intervention and space in the field of social work is addressed, based on the review of central aspects of Henri Lefebvre's work and its implications for the understanding of social intervention. In the first place, it is generally concluded that space constitutes an unavoidable dimension of any intervention. This has as implications that it is necessary to move towards a transdisciplinary socio-spatial perspective about intervention, breaking the fragmentation of the intervention processes, and rethinking social intervention professions role in socio-spatial transformation. In this context, the challenges are not only epistemological but also ethical-political. (shrink)

Resumo O fundamento teórico deste artigo compreende uma análise teológica, com especial interesse pelo diálogo com a sociologia e com a antropologia. Investiga as relações de dominação, com enfoque específico nas relações de gênero que se engendram a partir dos ritos religiosos ou profanos, Objetiva-se verificar a importância dos ritos para a construção da realidade social, sobretudo das noções de gênero e das relações que delas advêm; expor com embasamento antropológico e sociológico esta premissa, visando contribuir para a discussão da (...) função social da religiosidade como construtora da realidade social; oferecer uma compreensão dos ritos enquanto espaços nos quais podem surgir relações mais igualitárias entre homens e mulheres. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica, procurar-se-á na sociologia de Pierre Bourdieu conceituar o poder simbólico e compreender de que maneira ele é elemento que constrói noções de gênero; posteriormente, serão averiguados em obras da área da antropologia, conceitos de rito, estabelecendo sua ligação com o poder simbólico e seu possível potencial construtor da realidade social e das noções de gênero que orientam as relações entre mulheres e homens. A conclusão buscará apontar de que maneira podem os ritos se tornar espaços para a articulação de um novo modo de relações de gênero. Palavras-chave: Ritos, Sociedade, Gênero.The theoretical basis of this article consists of a theological analysis, with emphasis on a dialogue with sociology and anthropology. It investigates dominance relationships, focusing particularly on gender relationships engendered by religious or profane rites. The objective is to verify the importance of rites for the construction of social reality, above all of gender notions and the relationships that result from them; to expose this premise on an anthropological and sociological basis, seeking to contribute to the discussion of the social function of religiosity as builder of social reality; and to provide an understanding of rites as spaces where more egalitarian relationships between men and women can take place. Through bibliographical research, especially into Pierre Bourdieu's sociology, the text tries to describe symbolic power and to understand how this element builds gender notions. Then, it verifies concepts of rite in anthropological texts, establishing its connection with symbolic power and its potential to construct social reality and gender notions that guide the relationships between women and men. The conclusion tries to indicate how rites can become spaces for the articulation of a new mode of gender relationships. Key words: Rites, Society, Gender. (shrink)

At the end of the first half of the XVI century, Vitoria worked on the problem of the legitimacy of the conquest of America, developing a series of statements about fair war. An important number of his investigations were focused on the possible justification of a war enterprise, motivated by th..

El narcotráfico no es una realidad nueva en España, pero sí carecía de producciones culturales tales como novelas, series de televisión, películas y piezas musicales tan comunes como populares en América Latina. En la última década la narcocultura comenzó a cimentar en España, con especial énfasis en Galicia. En efecto, al menos a nivel simbólico Galicia ocupa el sitio protagónico como epicentro del narcotráfico. ¿Cómo es representado el narcotráfico en Galicia? ¿Existen diferencias sustanciales entre las narcoficciones gallegas y las latinoamericanas? (...) Este trabajo responde a estas preguntas desde la formulación de tres tesis relacionas con la violencia y el consumo. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la crítica de Alain Badiou a Lógica del sentido de Gilles Deleuze y su teoría del acontecimiento en Lógicas de los mundos. Esto se realiza bajo la hipótesis de que Badiou axiomatiza a Deleuze para escrutar matemáticamente el marco principal de Lógica del sentido y, finalmente, romper con el enfoque empirista hacia la aparición de los cuerpos. Al hacerlo, Badiou logra formalizar el resurgimiento de las multiplicidades mediante la operación del múltiple inconsistente. Por lo (...) tanto, este trabajo se centra en el empleo del trascendentalismo deleuziano por parte de Badiou como un dispositivo argumentativo para sustentar la condición formal de la aparición de cuerpos o multiplicidades, ya que se considera refutada la analítica vitalista de los cuerpos indiferenciados. (shrink)

Costuma-se dividir a obra de Nietzsche em três fases: uma primeira que se define pela sua metafísica de artista, a segunda que sai em defesa da ciência e, por fim, a dita fase “positiva” da filosofia de Nietzsche. Ainda que o próprio filósofo tenha nos fornecido indícios para tal divisão, salta-nos aos olhos a evidente depreciação que ocorre por grande parte de comentadores a respeito da segunda fase do pensamento nietzschiano, porquanto ela ser encarada apenas como um entreato entre a (...) primeira e a terceira fase. Entendemos que o pensamento presente no segundo Nietzsche é de extrema importância para que possamos entender os entraves de sua densa filosofia, pois é neste momento de seu pensamento que o filósofo constrói aquilo que denominou de filosofia histórica, algo que permaneceria até o fim de sua produção escrita. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar de que maneira a discussão acerca da história possibilitou que a filosofia de Nietzsche repensasse seus próprios parâmetros, dessa forma, focaremos na transição do primeiro para o segundo Nietzsche, a fim de mostrar de que modo a história serviu de fundamento para que a filosofia presente em Humano, demasiado humano passasse a repensar a noção de cultura e civilização dentro do pensamento de Nietzsche. (shrink)