In this concise, witty critical study, Merquior examines Foucault's work on madness, sexuality, and power and offers a provocative assessment of Foucault as a "neo-anarchist." Merquior brings an astonishing breadth of scholarship to bear on his subject as he explores Foucault using insights from a range of fields including philosophy, sociology, and history.

Uma entrevista inédita de Giannotti sobre Artigas.

Há uma posição na História da Filosofia em relação a Descartes que aponta ter sido o ceticismo, largamente disseminado na França desde o século XVI, a principal motivação que lhe conduziu à formulação do cogito. Contudo, qual terá sido a motivação que conduziu os filósofos e intelectuais franceses anteriores a Descartes à adesão ao ceticismo radical, pouco visto desde a Antiguidade? Responder a esta pergunta é uma exigência para a compreensão de um período frequentemente ignorado pela História da Filosofia, não (...) obstante sua importância como o período de gestação da Modernidade. O objetivo do artigo que se segue é fazer uma leitura histórico filosófica desse período, colocando em evidência as origens do ceticismo francês do século XVI tardio que antecipou o cogito cartesiano. (shrink)

Nos últimos anos a obra do filósofo alemão Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) tem sido mais divulgada no Brasil, graças à publicação de algumas traduções, de maneira inédita em português brasileiro.O ano de 2010 é o marco inicial desse processo de divulgação no Brasil, quando foram publicadas por aqui três traduções de Dilthey. Foi publicada nesse ano a tradução de Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (original publicado em 1883), sob o título Introdução às Ciências Humanas (KAHLMEYER-MERTENS, 2012), cuja publicação foi levada a cabo (...) pela Editora Forense; a tradução de Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften (original publicado em 1910), sob o título A Construção do Mundo Histórico nas Ciências Humanas (KAHLMEYER-MERTENS, 2011), pela Editora Unesp - ambas da autoria de Marco Antônio Casa Nova -, e, nesse mesmo ano, foi publicado pela Edusp um grosso volume contendo dezessete textos seminais de Dilthey, pela lavra de Maria de Nazaré Camargo Pacheco Amaral e Alfred Josef Keller, sob o título Filosofia e Educação: textos selecionados (KAHLMEYER-MERTENS, 2012a; SILVA, 2012). (shrink)

IntroductionRegular exercise has long been shown to positively impact the immune system responsiveness and improve mental well-being. However, the putative links between biomarkers of mental health and immune efficiency in exercising subjects have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 14-week combined chair-based exercise program on salivary steroid hormones and anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, and MWB indexes in pre-frail older women.MethodsThe participant women were randomly divided into the exercising group and the non-exercising (...) control group. The pre/post assessment included: salivary anti-microbial proteins lysozyme; and immunoglobulin-A ; salivary steroid hormones of testosterone and cortisol ; functional fitness ; MWB questionnaires.ResultsSignificant differences with large Cohen’s effect sizes were found on increased salivary TT after exercise intervention. The results revealed a decrease in IgA levels after CEP. The increase in subjective happiness levels and decrease of stress perception and depressive state were found after intervention in the CEP group. Robust statistical differences in gait speed and balance tests were also found in the CEP group. In control, COR increased moderately while no changes were found for the other indicators. Correlation analyses showed inter-dependence between pre–post variations of MWB, biochemical indexes, and fitness function.ConclusionThe CEP program was able to improve functional-fitness performance, decrease feelings of stress, and increase happiness. The CEP also induced clinically relevant hormonal and immune responses, which suggests that chair exercises that combine muscular strength, balance, and gait speed training are promising interventions to improve physical and mental health of older pre-frail adults. (shrink)

O presente artigo analisa a compatibilidade das leis de iniciativa parlamentar que instituem isenções tributárias em face da Constituição da República de 1988 e da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, no contexto de crise econômica. Em conclusão, observou-se o risco de consequências prejudiciais ao Estado se não for enfrentado o problema da legalidade das leis tributárias de iniciativa parlamentar. O método de abordagem utilizado na pesquisa foi o dialético jurídico, notadamente à confrontação dos modelos econômicos de John Maynard Keynes e Friedrich (...) Hayek em relação ao Estado brasileiro, paralelamente ao método de pesquisa bibliográfico. (shrink)

publicação do quarto número de Aoristo – International Journal of Phenomenology, Hermeneutics and Metaphysics compraz à equipe editorial e ao grupo de pesquisa em Fenomenologia, Hermenêutica e Metafísica3, da UNIOESTE, em que as raízes de nossa revista agora encontram solo cuidado por grupo fixo de colaboradores. Por meio desta nova edição, reafirma-se o propósito de acolher, difundir e colaborar com o incremento da produção filosófica de autores nacionais e internacionais, afiliados a seu campo de especialidade.

I Encontro Paranaense de Estudos sobre Heidegger (Toledo – Unioeste, 2019).

Appellate Court Modifications Extraction consists of, given an Appellate Court decision, identifying the proposed modifications by the upper Court of the lower Court judge’s decision. In this work, we propose a system to extract Appellate Court Modifications for Portuguese. Information extraction for legal texts has been previously addressed using different techniques and for several languages. Our proposal differs from previous work in two ways: our corpus is composed of Brazilian Appellate Court decisions, in which we look for a set of (...) modifications provided by the Court; and to automatically extract the modifications, we use a traditional Machine Learning approach and a Deep Learning approach, both as alternative solutions and as a combined solution. We tackle the Appellate Court Modifications Extraction task, experimenting with a wide variety of methods. In order to train and evaluate the system, we have built the KauaneJunior corpus, using public data disclosed by the Appellate State Court of Rio de Janeiro jurisprudence database. Our best method, which is a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network combined with Conditional Random Fields, obtained an \ score of 94.79%. (shrink)

Research has revealed how inherent self-organizing tendencies in athletes and sports teams can be exploited to facilitate emergence of dynamical patterns in synergy formation in sports teams. Here, we discuss how game models, and associated tactical principles of play, may be implemented to constrain co-existing global-to-local and local-to-global self-organization tendencies in team sports players during training and performance. Understanding how to harness the continuous interplay between these co-existing, bi-directional, and coordination tendencies is key to shaping system behaviors in sports training. (...) Training programs are traditionally dominated by designs, which shape the self-organizing tendencies of players and teams at a global-to-local scale by coaches imposing a tactical/strategical plan with associated tactical principles of play. Nevertheless, recent research suggests that performers also need to be provided with opportunities to explore self-organizing tendencies that emerge at the local-to-global scale in training. This directional tendency in synergy formation can be facilitated by players being given opportunities to actively explore different adaptive and innovative performance solutions, coherent with principles of play circumscribed in an overarching game model. Developing methods (coaching sessions rooted on principles of dynamical systems theory that foment the development of such local-to-global relations) to exploit the continuous interplay between these co-existing tendencies within sports teams may promote more effective and efficient athlete skill training programs, in addition to enhancing performance. (shrink)

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness with higher mortality in older adults. This condition is spread person-to-person through close contact, and among policies employed to decrease transmission are the improvement of hygiene habits and physical distancing. Although social distancing has been recognized as the best way to prevent the transmission, there are concerns that it may promote increased depression symptoms risk and anxiety, mainly in older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to verify self-concept of social distancing in adults compared to (...) older adults. All participants, over 18 years and residents of São Paulo state, were invited to join this research study by a message application and answered an interdisciplinary questionnaire during the period from May 23 to June 23, 2020. The questions were divided into the following aspects: sociodemographic data, financial conditions, routine-related perception, perception of health, physical and emotional state, and eating habits. The younger adult group was composed of 139 participants, with a mean age of 43.15 years, and the older adult group was composed of 437 participants with a mean age of 67.59 years of both sex. Changes in routine during the period of social distance were reported by 95% of adults and 96.8% of older adults, but adults indicated more significant alterations in routine. Although there was no difference between groups for several aspects, adults revealed greater alterations in sleep quality, evacuation frequency, and more difficulty to perform daily activities at home. Further studies are necessary to follow up the impacts of social distancing among adults and older adults in different socioeconomic contexts to better understand the long-term alterations and the necessity of interventions. (shrink)

Background: The present study compared the effects of a traditional resistance training and resistance training combined with cognitive task on body composition, physical performance, cognitive function, and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in older adults. Methods: Thirty community-dwelling older adults were randomized into TRT and RT+CT. Exercise groups performed a similar resistance training program, twice a week over 16 weeks. Cognitive Training involved performing verbal fluency simultaneously with RT. Exercise sessions were performed 2-3 sets, 8-15 repetitions at 60-70% of 1-repetition (...) maximum. Body composition, physical function, cognitive performance, and BDNF levels were assessed before and after intervention period. Results: The physical performance was similarly improved in response to both TRT and RT+CT. However, exclusive improvements on cognitive function and BDNF levels were observed only after RT+CT. Conclusion: The RT program associated with a cognitive task, improved physical and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. (shrink)

The more we rely on digital assistants, online search engines, and AI systems to revise our system of beliefs and increase our body of knowledge, the less we are able to resort to some independent criterion, unrelated to further digital tools, in order to asses the epistemic reliability of the outputs delivered by them. This raises some important questions to epistemology in general and pressing questions to applied to epistemology in particular. In this paper, we propose an experimental method for (...) the assessment of GPT-3’s capacity to generate consistent and coherent sets of outputs. When several outputs to one and the same input are very repetitive they tend to be consistent with each other, that is they do not contradict each other. But consistency does not make the set of outputs as a whole more informative than the outputs considered individually. We argue that the less informative a set of outputs is, the less coherent it is. We establish a conceptual distinction between consistency and coherence in the light of what some epistemologists refer to as a coherence theories of truth and justification. While much attention has been given to GPT-3’s capacity to produce internally coherent individual outputs, we argue, instead, that more attention should be given to its capacity to produce consistent and coherent outputs generated on a single-input-multiple-outputs basis. (shrink)

This essay surveys and assesses J. G. Merquior's principal English?language contributions to liberal social and political theory. The greatest strength of Merquior's work is his recognition that one can neither understand nor defend liberalism without first understanding and defending modernity. The greatest weakness of Merquior's work is his overly oppositional conception of the relationship between modernity and its postmodern critics, particularly his failure to recognize that both the positive and negative features of postmodernism are simply radicalizations of the positive and (...) negative features of modernity itself. It is argued that the strengths of Merquior's work are best affirmed and its weaknesses best overcome by appropriating it within the context of a ?critical modernist? approach to understanding and legitimizing the institutions and practices characteristic of modernity and liberalism. (shrink)

Este artigo explora alguns elementos da interpretação do liberalismo e do conservadorismo na obra de José Guilherme Merquior, tendo em vista dois problemas fundamentais. Em um primeiro momento, buscaremos tornar explícitos alguns elementos de O Liberalismo: Antigo e Moderno para entender como a contribuição de Merquior traz uma sofisticação teórica e crítica que não estava disponível na nossa literatura sobre história das ideias no período. Num segundo momento, procuraremos demonstrar que sua abordagem crítica permite a Merquior tratar o (...) estudo do liberalismo de modo diverso, compreendendo que é impossível afirmar a existência de uma “tradição liberal” unívoca e que a diversidade de manifestações ideológicas do liberalismo obedece a influxos e conjunções de ideias que responderiam por sua pluralidade. O principal exemplo disso, como pretendemos deixar claro, é o modo como Merquior trata a “variante liberista” do liberalismo como uma conjunção entre ideias liberais e conservadoras, apontando para os limites desse "híbrido" com relação às promessas liberais clássicas. (shrink)

Marsilio de Pádua e Guilherme de Ockham viveram seus últimos anos na corte de Luís da Baviera. Ambos opuseram-se aos papas da época. Entretanto, a posição deles a respeito do primado do sumo pontífice não é idêntica. Enquanto Marsílio a nega quase totalmente, Ockham observa que se trata de um problema de cunho teológico e critica os argumentos de Marsílio.

O fenômeno da incorporação do corpo lexical político aristotélico transliterado do grego ao contexto latino do século XIII nos remete a problemas sobre as presenças e ausências terminológicas, não somente na tradução da Política, feita por Guilherme de Moerbeke, e nos comentários de Alberto Magno e Tomás de Aquino ao texto latino de Aristóteles, mas também à possível reverberação desses vocábulos políticos moerbekianos em alguns leitores da Política, no século XIV. Não se trata apenas de veri*cação de quem usou (...) ou não usou tais ou quais termos, nem mesmo da elaboração de juízos sobre esses usos, como que para rotular pensadores; antes, trata-se de tentar individuar, a partir dos usos terminológicos, o surgimento de um novo modo de pensar e compreender a esfera da vida humana que é a dimensão pública, ou melhor, política. Tentaremos compreender, neste artigo, especificamente como emerge, a partir dessa tradução latina da Política, um novo quadro conceitual, a saber: a esfera política. Constataremos que a tradução da Política de Moerbeke consolida um novo vocabulário e um novo quadro conceitual que será, doravante, um dos fundamentos do pensamento político. (shrink)

In this article, based on the most important William of Ockham’s O. Min. writings, we analyze his ideias concerning the origins of the imperial and secular power. Founded in the Paul’s doctrine omnis potestas a Deo, but enlarged, per homines, and also on the ideas of his Franciscan brothers which lived before, which articulated the concepts of proprietas and domininum, in order to explain the human origins of the both, on the one hand, Ockham refuses not only the hierocratic theory, (...) but also Marsilius of Padua thought about this subject, and, on the other hand, he offers his contribution for this subject, according with which, nor the Empire neither the Estates are completely subordinated to the Church, nor the Church is subordinated for the secular power, because, referring its origins, both, Church and Estates are different origins, the first has a divine proceeding, the others, are immediately a human provenance and, because, in its specific spheres of action the spiritual power and the secular power do not depend one of the other and vice versa.Neste artigo, fundamentado nos principais escritos de Guilherme de Ockham, O. Min., analisamos sua concepção a respeito das origens dos poderes imperial e secular. Ancorado no versículo paulino omnis potestas a Deo, mas ampliado, sed per homines e, igualmente, nas ideias dos confrades que o antecederam, os quais relacionaram entre si os conceitos proprietas e dominium, com vista a explicar as origens humanas dos mesmos, de um lado, ele rebate tanto a teoria hierocrata quanto a de Marsílio de Pádua, relativas ao tema em exame e, de outro, oferece sua contribuição ao mesmo, mediante a qual, nem o Império nem os Estados estão completamente subordinados à Igreja, nem esta está submissa ao poder terreno, porque, quanto às origens de ambos, a Igreja tem uma procedência divina e os Estados e o Império têm imediatamente uma origem humana e, ainda, porque nas esferas respectivas de atuação, os poderes espiritual e secular independem um do outro. (shrink)

Este ensaio celebra as cinco décadas da publicação do livro A ordem do discurso de Michel Foucault, realizando uma reflexão acerca de sua repercussão entre as ciências sociais e sobre seus usos, principalmente, no campo da linguagem na parte relacionada à análise do discurso de linha francesa. Portanto, trata-se de uma retrospectiva crítica cuja análise começa com a entrevista que Foucault concedeu algumas semanas antes de proferir esta aula aos brasileiros Sergio Paulo Rouanet e José Guilherme Merquior. Em (...) seguida, o presente trabalho faz uma breve história da entrada de Foucault ao Collège de France e, por fim, lida com a microfísica do discurso que se encontra nesta aula, sobretudo, da rarefação do sujeito, além dos seus usos nas ciências humanas e sociais mais o campo da linguagem em torno da pragmática e das análises de discurso. (shrink)

Mimesis can refer to imitation, emulation, representation, or reenactment - and it is a concept that links together many aspects of ancient Greek Culture. The Western Greek bell-krater on the cover, for example, is painted with a scene from a phlyax play with performers imitating mythical characters drawn from poetry, which also represent collective cultural beliefs and practices. One figure is shown playing a flute, the music from which might imitate nature, or represent deeper truths of the cosmos based upon (...) Pythagorean views (which were widespread in Western Greece at the time). The idea that mimesis should be restricted to ideals was made famous by Plato (whose connections to Pythagoreanism and Siracusa are well-known), and famously challenged by his student Aristotle (not to mention by the mimetic character of Plato’s own poetry). This volume gathers essays not only on the philosophical debate about mimesis, but also on its use in architecture, drama, poetry, history, music, ritual, and visual art. The emphasis is on examples from Hellenic cities in Southern Italy and Sicily, but the insights apply far beyond – even to modern times. Contributors include: Thomas Noble Howe, Francisco J. Gonzalez, Gene Fendt, Guilherme Domingues da Motta, Jeremy DeLong, Carolina Araújo, Marie-Élise Zovko, Lidia Palumbo, Sean Driscoll, Konstantinos Gkaleas, Anna Motta, Jure Zovko, Alexander H. Zistakis, Christos C. Evangeliou, Dorota Tymura, Iris Sulimani, Elliott Domagola, Jonah Radding, Giulia Corrente, Laura Tisi, Ewa Osek, Argyri G. Karanasiou, Rocío Manuela Cuadra Rubio, Jorge Tomás García, Aura Piccioni, and José Miguel Puebla Morón. (shrink)

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives are spaces where diverse work relations are performed. From a postcapitalist perspective, these initiatives attempt to create alternative-capitalist and non-capitalist work relations next to capitalist ones. While analyses of work relations in CSA abound, it remains uncertain how such diversification is made possible and how it is shaped by the micro-politics of and power relations in these initiatives. This paper addresses this gap by analysing how power shapes transformations to postcapitalist work relations in CSA. It provides (...) substantial empirical evidence of multiple manifestations of power enabling or constraining postcapitalist work relations through a comparative case study of three CSA initiatives in Portugal. Results show that while CSA creates postcapitalist work relations that are non-alienated, non-monetised and full of care, they insufficiently unmake unbalanced power relations established in capitalist work relations. This paper argues that, when establishing postcapitalist work relations, the selected CSA initiatives could benefit from actively deconstructing internal hierarchies, de-centralising decision-making power from farm owners and addressing oppressive power relations that are ossified in their local and cultural context. (shrink)

Existing theoretical literature on justice, law, and community typically treats them as ideas studying them through an analytical and rational approach. In this article, I propose to investigate these concepts through aesthetic experience as an attempt to both sharpen our imagination of such concepts and demonstrate they are inseparable. I do this by painstakingly examining the movies Shoplifters by Kore-eda and The House That Jack Built by Von Trier. Rather than focusing on thematic analysis, I claim and show that film (...) form is crucial for aesthetic and affective experience. Furthermore, and against the conventional view, I argue that both movies articulate a spatialized vision of justice defined by its materiality. Together these aspects help us to keep (re)imagining law, justice, and community, and grasp better their worldmaking properties and powers. (shrink)

Este texto se configura enquanto um ensaio sobre a análise das dinâmicas do olhar nas pornochanchadas através da problematização das noções de visibilidade e percepção. O primeiro momento, dividido em duas partes, liga as dinâmicas de visibilidade, com base nas discussões propostas por Didi-Huberman (1998) e Xavier (2003), às problemáticas de erotismo, nojo e individualidade propostas por A Dama do Lotação (Neville d´Almeida, 1978), enquanto o segundo faz a ponte entre os modos de percepção, distração e atenção, a partir dos (...) estudos de Merleau-Ponty (1984) e Crary (2013), e as especificidades de As Cangaceiras Eróticas (Roberto Mauro, 1974) enquanto pornochanchada que privilegia uma determinada abordagem do humor e do erotismo. (shrink)

John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice has reoriented western philosophic thought, starting a new period of reflection on justice. Designed so as to offer “one” theory, this work does not present a dogmatic purpose; however, it does propose principles of justice, resulting from a hypothetical original agreement, to constitute what it calls “justice as fairness”, characterized by the foundation of the rules of “fair” in the institutions. Through the “veil of ignorance” imposed to men in their “original position”, Rawls makes (...) the design of such principles the result of a rational common sense among individuals, trying to achieve a moral ideal that works as an alternative for the utilitarian doctrine and as the basis for a fair democratic society. The importance of Rawls’s complete work can be assessed by the great attention and comments it has received in the academic world, becoming responsible for the rebirth of discussions related to fundamental issues concerning ethics and political philosophy. This has not prevented criticism to the author’s thinking from arising. The paper aims demonstrate that the vehement disagreement used by Rawls’s critics when attacking the argument of original sense decreases the importance of his theory. (shrink)

A Educação Continuada de professores é reconhecida como indispensável e fundamental para a qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Para tanto, neste estudo, levaremos em consideração alguns aspectos dessa temática. Em primeiro lugar, precisamos ter conhecimento das diretrizes que tratam da Educação Continuada de professores, ou seja, compreender de onde viemos e qual é a proposta das legislações nacional e internacional. Em segundo lugar, explanaremos e discutiremos conceitos teóricos que tratam da temática, em especial a visão de Gert Biesta, (...) o importante filósofo da educação. Finalmente, com base nos dois itens citados, entrelaçaremos considerações e indagações para uma Educação Continuada que possa fazer diferença no cotidiano dos professores. Portanto, o principal foco desta pesquisa é analisar, criticamente, essa educação dos professores, à luz das concepções propostas por Gert Biesta. Palavras-chave: Educação Continuada. Professores. Diálogo. Gert Biesta. (shrink)

Nos propomos nesse artigo a contribuir à apreciação da assimilação de Schopenhauer da teoria das Ideias de Platão, por meio da comparação da interpretação schopenhaueriana dessa doutrina com sua exposição platônica. Para tanto, partiremos do roteiro de leitura da teoria das Ideias de Platão recomendado por Schopenhauer em suas preleções na Universidade de Berlim, e que destaca trechos de Filebo, A República e O Banquete. Após sua análise, defenderemos que Schopenhauer assume e ressignifica a distinção platônica entre o mundo como (...) protótipo e cópia, associando o primeiro às forças naturais fundamentais, e o segundo, aos fenômenos do princípio de razão suficiente. Mostraremos também que Schopenhauer espera “corrigir” [1] a “psicologia racional” de Platão, com o argumento de que “o conhecimento sem a intuição, que é intermediada pelo corpo, não possui estofo algum” [2], seguido da radicalização da teoria platônica de que o belo intuitivo facilita o conhecimento das Ideias. [1] SCHOPENHAUER, A. Parerga und Paralipomena – Band I, 1895, §4, p. 52. Salvo quando haja outra indicação, as traduções de Schopenhauer serão de nossa autoria [2] Ibidem. (shrink)

This essay considers gender in relation toBrazilian science and technology. It reviewsleading studies in the field, and offers briefbiographies of pioneering women in science.While there is still much room for improvement,the essay suggests that the situation of womenin science experienced significant progressduring the closing decades of the twentiethcentury.