What kind of relationship do we have with artificial beings (avatars, puppets, robots, etc.)? What does it mean to mirror ourselves in them, to perform them or to play trial identity games with them? Actor & Avatar addresses these questions from artistic and scholarly angles. Contributions on the making of »technical others« and philosophical reflections on artificial alterity are flanked by neuroscientific studies on different ways of perceiving living persons and artificial counterparts. The contributors have achieved a successful artistic-scientific collaboration (...) with extensive visual material. (shrink)

Exposición realizada por la Doctora en Filosofía Contemporánea Lorena Souyris Oportot, en el ciclo de conversaciones “Crítica a la Epidemiología Política. Prácticas y racionalidad neoliberales en tiempos de pandemia”, organizado por el equipo editorial de la Revista de Filosofía Otrosiglo, octubre – diciembre 2020. Disponible en Youtube, canal Revista Otrosiglo. Lecture by Lorena Souyris Oportot, Ph. D., in the cycle of conversations “Criticism to the Political Epidemiology. Neoliberal practices and rationality in times of pandemics”, event organized by the (...) editorial team of the Philosophy Magazine Otrosiglo, october – december 2020. Available on Youtbe, channel Revista Otrosiglo. (shrink)

Previous research has demonstrated that people are susceptible to developing false memories, that is to recall events that did not actually occur or recall them differently than they occurred (Dods...

Research has revealed that sex education policies are informed by national and local struggles over the meanings and consequences of gender, race, sexuality, and class categories. However, few studies have considered how policies are enacted in the classroom production of sex education to support or challenge gender, racial, sexual, and class hierarchies. This article draws on data obtained through semistructured in-depth interviews with 40 Latina youth to explore how heteronormativity, sexism, and racism operate together to structure the content and delivery (...) of school-based sex education. Findings suggest that some Latina youth encounter racialized heterogendered constructions and experiences that limit their access to sex-education-related information and reinforce existing inequalities. (shrink)

Over the last decade, our appreciation of the importance of the nucleolus for cellular function has progressed from the ordinary to the extraordinary. We no longer think of the nucleolus as simply the site of ribosome production, or a dynamic subnuclear body noted by pathologists for its changes in size and shape with malignancy. Instead, the nucleolus has emerged as a key controller of many cellular processes that are fundamental to normal cell homeostasis and the target for dysregulation in many (...) human diseases; in some cases, independent of its functions in ribosome biogenesis. These extra‐nucleolar or new functions, which we term “non‐canonical” to distinguish them from the more traditional role of the nucleolus in ribosome synthesis, are the focus of this review. In particular, we explore how these non‐canonical functions may provide novel insights into human disease and in some cases new targets for therapeutic development. (shrink)

In this study I intend to prove that there is a close connection between ethical purposes of Environmental Philosophy as World Philosophy and the idea of sacred nature as part of the “world” in a phenomenological sense, which includes sacred space as defined in the philosophy of religion. The main points that intersect here are: the idea of sacred space; the perception of virtue in a sacred world; the beauty of creation: nature, life, human sensibility. The theoretical background of this (...) study contains points of view that express phenomenological, hermeneutic, theological, and aesthetic conceptions belonging to authors and exegetes such as Mircea Eliade, William E. Paden, David Cave, Ion Ianoși, Douglas Allen, Arnold Berleant, and Vincent Blok. I believe that the neglect of the environment-as-a-condition-of-life (the consequences of which can already be seen in ecological imbalances) is caused by, among other factors, the desacralization of human attitudes towards nature and the world of life. Few people still have a feeling of sacred nature or the aesthetic emotion of perceiving beauty in natural forms. The relationship with the environment and nature is reduced to its exploitation as a source of economic profit or as a way for spending free time, a source of personal comfort devoid of any spiritual significance. Surely we cannot go back to archaic religions or medieval Christianity, but we can reintegrate into our moral values something of those cultures’ admiration and respect for the beauty/sublimity of nature and the world as expressions of divine creation, as something sacred. Philosophical debates related to this retrieval and their dissemination could be part of solving the ecological problems of the contemporary world. (shrink)

Should Lesbian and women's events have policies banning sadomasochists or sadomasochistic acts? This question is being heatedly debated in the Lesbian community. In this paper, I examine the moral and political problems with sadomasochism from a Lesbian-feminist perspective, concluding that sadomasochism is antifeminist and antiliberatory for many reasons. Then, given this conclusion, I explore how events such as women's music festivals should determine their policies about sadomasochism.

The symbol refers to “substituted entities,” to something other than what is translated by the direct meaning of the expression. One principle of symbolization is that of placing ourselves in the order of recognition which opens an access path to knowledge, that of keeping us within the horizon of remembrance in order to recompose the initial truth in its fullness and communicate its strong impression. In parallel with the universe ordered, according to objective laws, a symbolic universe is developed, ordered (...) according to its own laws (universes between the structures of which analogies are possible). Starting from these premises, in my paper I will refer in particular to the anthropological and cultural relevance of religious discourse and artistic language, to the interferences between them. (shrink)

This paper explores the filmic trajectories experienced by the protagonists in two case studies: Lightning Over Water by Nicholas Ray and Wim Wenders, and Sick, The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist by Kirby Dick. In both films, the limitexperience, caused by a disease, becomes an active device, one that produces knowledge for the protagonists. In this radical experience, what is revealed is the link between selfrepresentation and a will to self-destruction, and the normative margins of rationality are questioned. (...) Based on the studies of Jean-Luc Nancy, Jean Baudrillard and Clément Rosset, this essay examines an approach to terminal illness and self-representation both in the context of pain and the voyeuristic process of death as a spectacle. (shrink)

La violencia contra la mujer en la pareja es un fenómeno registrado en las sociedades a lo largo de la historia. Con el f in de averiguar cuáles son las causas que favorecen su aparición se han desarrollado teorías desde diferentes perspectivas —psicológica, socioló- gica y feminista, principalmente— que han tratado que determinar cuáles son los factores que aumentan el riesgo de que exista este tipo de violencia. El propósito de este artículo es exponer los postulados de las principales las (...) teorías criminológicas que han tratado el maltrato en la pareja en el ámbito internacional. Conocer las variables de riesgo de esta problemática social puede servir para diseñar políticas publicas de prevención y erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer en la pareja. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The work of Giorgio Agamben is punctuated by constant references to Michel Foucault’s work, so that the latter appears as an important theoretical framework for the former. However, an effort to bring the two authors together proves to be quite problematic as it is perceived that the Italian philosopher operates certain methodological and conceptual categories fundamental to Foucauldian thought in a radically different way from the French philosopher. Such incompatibility is presented with greater clarity when we propose to explore (...) the theme of the destituent in Agamben’s work, from which ontology, politics and ethics intersect, revealing the differences between the two philosophers. Thus, in order to expose the limits of this approximation, it will first be explored the methodological distinctions between the two authors in their approach of the problem of ‘power’, as well as the way in which the concept is formulated in the work of each of them. Next, the general lines of the agambenian ‘modal ontology’ and the ‘ethics of inoperability’ will be presented in order to conclusively explain the divergence between the ethical solutions proposed by Foucault and Agamben in their later works. (shrink)

Formas de representación de la violencia en El vuelo del tigre y Libro de navíos y borrascas de Daniel Moyano.

Sabemos que durante las largas décadas que siguieron a su muerte, la obra y la imagen de Gabriela Mistral fueron sometidas a una utilización estereotipada y reduccionista, que solo a fines de la década de los ochenta fue revisada y desmontada con sagacidad política y literaria por críticos y críticas como las de Raquel Olea, Eliana Ortega, Soledad Bianchi, Adriana Valdés, Patricio Marchant, Grínor Rojo, Licia Fiol-Matta, entre otros.

“Ponerle el cuerpo al trabajo” es en Chile tanto una expresión popular que resalta la materia-lidad del esfuerzo en todo tipo de actividad económica, como también una metáfora que nos lleva a reflexionar sobre la “falta de cuerpo” de la narrativa reciente, en que escasos relatos corporeizan las voces y experiencias de sus narradorxs a partir del trabajo físico/manual. Este artículo aborda una excepción, la novela Panaderos, de Nicolás Meneses, que presenta con detalle la cotidianidad de una madre temporera, un (...) padre panadero y la incursión del narrador, hijo mayor de esta familia, en la panadería de un supermercado. Todxs ellxs realizan oficios manuales descritos a partir del riesgo y el accidente corporal, bajo lógicas empresariales desprovistas de empatía o justicia, denunciadas por el estallido social chileno. (shrink)

Fazer a genealogia do poder nunca foi o propósito claro de Foucault. No entanto, a questão do poder foi tema recorrente em suas investigações a ponto de estudiosos do trabalho do filósofo sugerirem uma divisão e organização de seu trabalho a partir de três eixos teóricos. Dentro dessa perspectiva, a analítica do poder marcaria a trajetória filosófica de Foucault na década de 1970. De fato, até 1994, ano de publicação do conjunto de textos, entrevistas e conferências de Foucault no Dits (...) et écrits, a questão da analítica do poder era majoritariamente conhecida a partir de livros como Surveiller et punir e Histoire de la sexualité I: la volonté de savoir. Com o início da publicação dos cursos no Collège de France a partir de 1997 as interpretações a respeito da analítica do poder sofrem um alargamento. Mas é somente em 2015 que a totalidade dos cursos de Foucault no Collège de France foram publicados, abrindo um importante caminho para a investigação a respeito das primeiras reflexões a respeito do poder. No presente artigo procuramos mostrar como os primeiros passos da analítica do poder de Michel Foucault se dá a partir de um contexto gauchiste ainda configurado em termos de dinástica do saber. Nesse sentido, procuramos mostrar como o período da dinástica corresponde a um esboço teórico, tentativas primeiras de conceituação do poder, marcadamente desenvolvido em contraposição com o marxismo. Essa contraposição se dá sobretudo na recusa tanto do esquema marxista de infra-superestrutura, quanto do modelo contratualista de sociedade estatal. (shrink)

This article intends to analyze the implications of a hypothesis that extends Foucault's analysis of neoliberalism from its effects on modern democracy. For this purpose, Wendy Brown's recent work examines how neoliberal rationality affects democracy, transforms its imaginary and even its main subject, namely the demos. Brown points to two problems of the "neoliberalism's stealth revolution," namely that the neoliberal rationality transforms and undoes democracy by directly affecting its fundamental principle of popular sovereignty. Such transformation is made from the change (...) produced in the democratic imaginary and, mainly, from the transformation of the economic subject from a subject of interest to human capital, as well as the political subject, relegated to the background. From this first problem, we examine how they happen and what are the consequences of changing the democratic imaginary and its central political subject. The second problem pointed out by Brown deals with the interference of neoliberal reason in sovereign autonomy. The second part of this article seeks, therefore, to analyze the relationship between the sovereignty of the nation-state and the notion of popular sovereignty from the problem of the expansion of capital and the vulnerability of the frontiers and territory where citizenship is exercised. (shrink)

The ontogeny of the vertebrate retina has been a topic of interest to developmental biologists and human geneticists for many decades. Understanding the unfolding of the genetic program that transforms a field of progenitors cells into a functionally complex and multi‐layered sensory organ is a formidable challenge. Although classical genetic studies succeeded in identifying the key regulators of retina specification, understanding the architecture of their gene network and predicting their behavior are still a distant hope. The emergence of next‐generation sequencing (...) platforms revolutionized the field unlocking the access to genome‐wide datasets. Emerging techniques such as RNA‐seq, ChIP‐seq, ATAC‐seq, or single cell RNA‐seq are used to characterize eye developmental programs. These studies provide valuable information on the transcriptional and cis‐regulatory profiles of precursors and differentiated cells, outlining the trajectories that connect each intermediate state. Here, recent systems biology efforts are reviewed to understand the genetic programs shaping the vertebrate retina. (shrink)

Crusat, Cristian. La huida biográfica. (Nuevas formas de la biografía, nuevas representaciones del artista). Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2020.

Las directrices anticipadas aún no se encuentran legisladas en todos los estados de la República mexicana. En algunos de los estados en los que sí se encuentran legisladas, se prohíbe expresamente su validez durante el periodo de gestación. Lo anterior representa dilemas bioéticos y jurídicos importantes, los cuales revisamos para esclarecer las diversas interrogantes que surgen en materia de la protección tanto del bebé como de la madre gestante. Concluimos que existe una necesidad de desarrollar una ley federal que homologue (...) las directrices anticipadas, garantizando una muerte digna a todos los mexicanos, y que establezca que en caso de encontrarse en periodo de gestación, se busque asesoría por un comité de bioética que apoye a determinar en cada caso particular, las condiciones que favorezcan el desarrollo y supervivencia del bebé, siempre que sea posible, sin recurrir a tratamientos y/o medidas extraordinarias que pongan el riesgo la muerte digna y libre de sufrimiento de la madre. (shrink)

This article tackles the construction of an exemplary image of the modern man in the 15th century. The corpus is centered on a fundamental work in the history of Western thought: Oration on the Dignity of Man, by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, which represents the “spirit of a period” and projects an exemplary image of the human being through the rewriting of the origin myth. The manner in which Adam was created and how that defines the new way in which (...) he is fashioned will be the basis for a new way of being, free from the doctrine of original sin and without seeing his capacities as a human being diminished. Through the analysis of this mythological reconstruction and also through modifications of the biblical account, several characteristics of the man about to come will be uncovered. Special attention will be given to the displacement suffered by man in relation to the world, as Pico establishes man as a contemplator of the universe, the consequences of the liberation from the scala naturae, and the prominence of desire in Pico’s conception of man. (shrink)

The question around foreigners and their obligation to respect and fulfil the national - or civil - norms of the territory where they are; has become due the migration and multicultural movements once again a key one. Addressed by a multitude of authors along the centuries, the question has been answered based on the different placements around juridical and political concepts like citizenship, sovereignty, authority or law. In this investigation, the doctrinal development carried out around the obligatory nature of the (...) civil norm for foreigners in Spanish scholasticism is going to be considered. Specifically, due to its thoroughness and depth, the doctrine done by Francisco Suarez is going to be critically analysed. Once the answer given in our author's doctrine to the question posed has been established, we will consider the possible influences in the Anglo-Saxon sphere. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente la conceptualización del tópico persona se ha circunscrito a ámbitos como la teología, la filosofía o la antropología. Sin embargo, la incorporación del tópico a gran parte de los textos de naturaleza política, así como en las declaraciones de derechos y tratados internacionales adoptados a partir de la II Guerra Mundial ha supuesto la constitucionalización del mismo. Consecuentemente, como término constitucional su interpretación queda a merced de los actores jurídicos designados para ello en el sistema político constitucional. Es por (...) ello, que, con el fin de determinar el contenido de significado actual del tópico ha de atenderse a las sentencias que interpretan la norma fundante. En este artículo, centramos nuestro estudio en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Español. Esto nos permite poner de relieve el concepto de persona en ellas contenido: su alcance y sus limitaciones. (shrink)