Riassunto: Nell’ultimo decennio il p -value è stato sottoposto a notevoli critiche soprattutto per l’uso che se ne fa per raggiungere una conclusione dicotomica circa la significatività del risultato sperimentale. Pertanto, da una parte il p -value è stato sostituito con approcci differenti, dall’altra è stato affiancato da alcune procedure diagnostiche, tra le quali figurano la fragilità e la credibilità, che hanno il compito di rafforzare o meno la conclusione. La fragilità e l’indice che la misura presentano aspetti di debolezza (...) metodologica. D’altro canto, l’indice di credibilità sembra idoneo per dare o meno supporto alla conclusione e per rafforzare o sostituire l’indice di fragilità, dato che misura la credibilità del risultato osservato quantificando l’informazione a priori necessaria per ribaltare il risultato stesso. Il particolare meccanismo delle due procedure, che si fonda su quanto dovrebbe accadere per cambiare la conclusione, suggerisce di inserire le medesime nella prospettiva controfattuale considerandole come nuovi strumenti per la sua misura quantitativa. In questo contributo si presenta questa prospettiva, con particolare riferimento al campo applicativo delle scienze psicologiche. Parole chiave: p- value; Indice di fragilità; Distribuzioni a priori; Indice di credibilità; Prospettiva controfattuale Fragility, credibility and counterfactuality: In the last decade, scientific reliance on p -values, especially when used to determine in a dichotomic manner whether a scientific result is significant or not, has been strongly criticized. As a consequence, p -values are sometimes replaced by other statistical tools, or supplemented by complementary procedures such as tests for fragility and credibility, which lend further support or challenge the conclusion. The fragility index presents some methodological weaknesses of its own. The credibility index proposed in the literature seems to provide a particularly useful supplement for p -values as well as for the fragility index, considering that it assesses the reliability of the result obtained by quantifying the a priori information needed to overturn the result. Both procedures rely on what would need to happen in order to modify the conclusion. This suggests that they can be considered as valuable new tools for quantitative measurement within a counterfactual framework. In our contribution we present this perspective, with reference to the psychological sciences. Keywords: p -value; Fragility Index; Priors/Posteriors; Credibility Index; Counterfactual Perspective. (shrink)

Outrem como desafio à diferença. Por uma nova ética dos afetos no mundo contemporâneo. Resumo: O artigo apresenta o conceito de Outrem através das perspectivas histórica e filosófica em conexão com o plano estético. O foco do trabalho consiste em apresentar as dinâmicas de Outrem a partir da obra Sexta-feira ou os limbos do pacífico, de Michel Tournier, precisamente por meio das novas versões dos personagens Robinson Crusoé e Sexta-feira em comparação com a proposta inicial de Daniel Defoe. Para tanto, (...) pensamos com Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari a apreensão de uma ética a partir de Outrem capaz de contribuir com a criação de outros mundos possíveis na passagem da literatura colonial para a literatura decolonial. Na relação entre os personagens observamos uma experiência de mundo mediada por uma troca horizontal. Sexta-feira e Robinson compõem outra existência ética a ser experienciada. O que desnaturaliza todo o ethos cultural europeu (de matriz colonizadora) responsável por estabelecer aquilo que é, ou não, civilizado. Palavras-chave: Outrem; Ética: diferença; Colonial; Decolonial. Others as a challenge to difference. For a new ethics of affections in the contemporary world. Abstract: The article presents the concept of Others through the historical and philosophical perspectives in connection with the aesthetic plane. The focus of this article is to present the dynamics of Others from Friday or the other Island, by Michel Tournier, precisely through the new versions of the characters Robinson Crusoé and Friday in comparison with the initial proposal of Daniel Defoe. For that, we examine Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s apprehension of the ethics from Others, capable of contributing to the creation of other possible worlds in the passage from colonial literature to decolonial literature. In the relationship between the characters, we observe an experience of the world mediated by a horizontal exchange. Friday and Robinson make up another ethical existence that would be experienced, which denaturalizes the whole European cultural ethos (of a colonizing matrix) responsible for establishing what is, or not, civilized. Keywords: Others; Ethics: Difference; Colonial; Decolonial. Outrem como un desafío a la diferencia. Por una nueva ética de los afectos en el mundo contemporâneo. Resumen: El artículo presenta el concepto de Outrem a través de las perspectivas históricas y filosóficas en conexión con el plan estético. El foco del trabajo es presentar la dinámica de Outrem desde la obra Sexta-feira ou os limbos do pacífico, de Michel Tournier, precisamente a través de las nuevas versiones de los personajes Robinson Crusoé y Sexta-feira en comparación con la propuesta inicial de Daniel Defoe. Para ello, pensamos con Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari la aprehensión de una ética de Outrem capaz de contribuir a la creación de otros mundos posibles en la transición de la literatura colonial a la decolonial. En la relación entre los personajes, observamos una experiencia del mundo mediada por un intercambio horizontal. Sexta-feira e Robinson conforman otra existencia ética aún por vivir. Lo que desnaturaliza todo el ethos cultural europeo (de matriz colonizadora) responsable de establecer lo que es, o no, civilizado. Palabras llave: Otro; Ética: diferencia; Colonial; Decolonial. Data de registro: 23/03/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

Since the nineteenth century the poetic and metaphysical vision of the fifteenth-century painter Piero della Francesca has been admired by intellectuals, studied by a host of art historians, and has inspired a long line of modern painters from Cezanne to de Chirico, Balthus, Hockney and many others. Despite this modern interest, Piero has remained enigmatic due to the paucity of documentation pertaining to him and his works. Banker’s book is a valuable contribution towards elucidating the social and cultural (...) context into which Piero was born and in which he received his earliest education and artistic training. In Banker’s words “this book has two focal points: the culture of the town and the youth of the painter.” The entire study challenges the traditional view that regards Piero’s sojourn in Florence in 1439 as the formative event in his artistic development. Indeed, Banker makes a strong case for Piero’s early formation in his native Borgo San Sepolcro, a town in the upper Tiber river valley on the frontiers between Tuscany, the Marches, and Umbria. (shrink)

No prefácio das _Investigações filosóficas_, Ludwig Wittgenstein revela que ao “estímulo” do economista Piero Sraffa devia “as ideias mais fecundas” da obra. Curiosamente, porém, segundo Amartya Sen, Sraffa considerava seu ponto de vista – que enfatiza a relação entre a linguagem e o meio sociocultural em que ela é empregada – “um tanto óbvio”, achava tedioso conversar com Wittgenstein e nunca se entusiasmou por ter influenciado decisivamente sua filosofia tardia. Para justificar o comportamento de Sraffa, Sen argumenta que seu (...) ex-professor julgava trivial a sua abordagem social da linguagem – que se opõe à abordagem lógica do _Tractatus logico-philosophicus_ – basicamente devido à sua formação marxista. Em divergência a essa explicação de Sen, sustenta-se neste artigo que o ponto de vista de Sraffa é realmente “um tanto óbvio”, tendo uma longa lista de precursores que remonta à Grécia Antiga. A fim de comprovar essa afirmação, são retomadas aqui tanto as obras de filósofos com os quais Wittgenstein dialoga em seus textos, como Platão, Aristóteles e Santo Agostinho, quanto autores prestigiados que ele aparentemente desconhecia, entre os quais os linguistas _William D. Whitney, Hermann Paul e Ferdinand de Saussure._. (shrink)

On Humour and the Comic in the Hebrew Bible. Edited by Y. T. Radday and A. Brenner.The Trouble With Kings: The Composition of rhe Book of Kings in the Deuteronomistic History. By Steven L. McKenzie.Sacred Space: An Approach to the Zheology of the Epistle to the Hebrews. By Marie E. Isaacs.Fourth Ezra: A Commentary on the Book of Fourth Ezra. By Michael Edward StonePaul the Convert: iShe Apostolate and Apostasy of Saul the Pharisee. By Alan F. Segal.Creative Biblical Exegesis: Christian (...) and Jewish Hermeneutics through the Centuries. Edited by Benjamin Uffenheimer and Henning Graf Reventlow.The Hope of the Early Church: A Handbook of Patristic Escharology. By Brian E. Daley.The Emergence of the Laity in the Early Church. By Alexandre Faivre, translated by David Smith.Pastoral Life and Practice in the Early Church. By Carl A. Volz.The Making of the Creeds. By Frances Young.La correzione fratenia in s. Agosrino. By Agostino Clerici.Beaup and Revelation in the Thought of St Augustine. By Carol Harrison.Grace, Politics and Desire. Edited by Hugo Meynell.Boerhius and Aquinas. By Ralph McInerny.The Weight of Glory. A Vision and Practice for Christian Faith: The Future of Liberal Theology. Edited by D. W. Hardy and P. H. Sedgwick.Atonenrent and Incarnation. By Vernon White.Tragic Method and Tragic Theology: Evil in Contemporary Drama and Religious Thought. By L. D. Bouchard.Parmenides of Elea, Fragments: A Text and Translation, with an Introduction. By David Gallop.Language, Thought and Falsehood in Ancient Greek Philosophy. By Nicholas Denyer.Weakness of the Will. By Justin Gosling.Knowledge and the Sciences in Medieval Philosophy. Vol. I, edited by Monica Asztalos, John E. Murdoch and Ilkka Niiniluoto.Episcopal Power and Norenrine Sociev. 1000–1320. By George W. Dameron.Matins, Lauds and Vespers for St David's Day. By Owain Tudor Edwards.More's ‘Utopia’. By Dominic Baker‐Smith.Frontiers of Heresy: The Spanish Inquisitionfrom the Basque Lands to Sicily. By William Monter.Inquisition and Society in the Kingdom of Valencia, 1478–1834, By Stephen Haliczer.The Fear of Hell: Images of Damnation and Salvation in Early Modern Europe. By Piero Camporesi, translated by Lucinda Byatt.Lucrecia's Dreams: Politics and Prophecy in Sixteenth‐Centun Spain. By Richard L. Kagan.Heresy and Mysticism in Sixteenth‐Century Spain: The Alumbrados. By Alastair Hamilton.Japan's Encounter with Christianiry: The Catholic Mission in Pre‐Modern Japan. By Neil S. Fujita.Galileo, Bellannine and the Bible. By Richard J.Augustine Baker's Inner Light: A Study in English Recusant Spirituality. By James Gaffney.The Prorestarit Evaqelical Awakening. By W. R. Ward.The Study of Anglicanism. Edited by Stephen Sykes and John Booty.The Anglican Tradition: A Handbook of Sources. Edited by G. R. Evans and J. Robert Wright.The Restoration Church of England, 1646‐1689. By John Spurr.Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People. By Jon Butler.A Woman Styled Bold: The Life of Cornelia Connelly, 1809–1879. By Radegunde Flaxman.Cane Ridge: America's Pentecost. By Paul K. Conkin.Revivalism and Social Change: Christianio, Nation Building and the Market in the Nineteenth‐Century United States. By George M. Thomas.Church and State: The English Experience. By Adrian Hastings.Evelyn Underhill: Artist of the Infinite Life. By Dana Greene.Northern Ireland: Fairh and Faction. By Maurice Irvine.The Tragedy of Belief: Division, Politics, arid Religion in Ireland. By John Fulton.Shattered Vows: Exodus from the Priesthood. By David Rice.Making Saints: Inside the Vatican: Who Become Saints, Who Do Not, and Why. By Kenneth L. Woodward.Ecclesiae Memoria: Miscellanea in onorr del R. P. Josef Metzler, O. M. I. Edited by Willi Henkel. (shrink)

Publicado em 2014, "Albert Camus, de la transfiguration", constitui, ao lado de “Vauvenargues ou le séditieux”, de 2010, mais um esforço realizado por Laurent Bove no sentido de valorizar o tema pascaliano da “segunda natureza” através de um ponto de vista espinosista. Por aí se vê que Bove é consequente ao se distanciar tanto do tema da “filosofia do absurdo”, reiteradas vezes associada à obra de Camus pela interpretação hegemônica que dele se faz, quanto da imagem de um moralista, associada (...) a Camus através de Sartre. Ainda que Bove percorra grande parte da obra Camus, podemos afirmar sem grandes embaraços que os personagens merecedores de maior consideração são Meursault e o Cristo das pinturas de Piero della Francesca, tal como descrito nas Noces. Através da identificação do tema de uma filosofia do corpo, Bove sustenta que Camus prepara, nas suas primeiras obras, notadamente em O estrangeiro e nas Noces, a questão da transfiguração, a qual será posteriormente desdobrada nos seus aspectos políticos e históricos, em O homem revoltado, por aí se articulam as duas partes da obra de Bove. (shrink)

Aberrant consumer behaviour costs firms millions of pounds a year, and the Internet has provided young techno-literate consumers with a new medium to exploit businesses. This paper addresses Internet related ethics and describes the ways in which young consumers misdemean on the Internet and their attitudes towards these. Using a sample of 219 generation Y consumers, the study identified 24 aberrant behaviours which grouped into five factors; illegal, questionable activities, hacking related, human Internet trade and downloading. Those perceived as least (...) wrong were; "Downloading movie and music files from the Internet for free". The consequences of these behaviours have implications for educators, consumer policy and marketers. (shrink)

Drawing on Catherine Malabou’s notion of plasticity, this article argues for a conception of resilience as plastic. Resilience has proven an important concept in health care, describing how we manage life-changing illnesses. Yet, resilience is not without its critics, who suggest it neglects a political, social, or personal dimension in illness. In this article, I propose that a concept of plastic resilience can address these criticisms. On this account, success should not be based on a return to function, but rather (...) on how actively we are involved in the formation of a new self after illness. I address some approaches that can benefit from “plastic resilience,” namely, art therapy, expert companionship, and shared decision-making. In each case, I underline how we should help patients thematize and engage with their new selves, while also being constantly vigilant for how these changes might impact our current assumptions around their preferences for treatment. (shrink)

Knowledge aims to fit the world, and action to change it. In this collection of essays, Onora O'Neill explores the relationship between these concepts and shows that principles are not enough for ethical thought or action: we also need to understand how practical judgement identifies ways of enacting them and of changing the way things are. Both ethical and technical judgement are supported, she contends, by bringing to bear multiple considerations, ranging from ethical principles to real-world constraints, and while we (...) will never find practical algorithms - let alone ethical algorithms - that resolve moral and political issues, good practical judgement can bring abstract principles to bear in situations that call for action. Her essays thus challenge claims that all inquiry must use either the empirical methods of scientific inquiry or the interpretive methods of the humanities. They will appeal to a range of readers in moral and political philosophy. (shrink)

G. A. Cohen has argued that there is a surprising truth in conservatism—namely, that there is a reason for some valuable things to be preserved, even if they could be replaced with other, more valuable things. This conservative thesis is motivated, Cohen suggests, by our judgments about a range of hypothetical cases. After reconstructing Cohen's conservative thesis, I argue that the relevant judgments about these cases do not favor the conservative thesis over standard, nonconservative axiological views. But I then argue (...) that there is a Mirrored Histories case that is such that, if one shares Cohen's conservative attitude, judgments about this case favor Cohen's conservative thesis over a wide range of non-conservative axiological views. Reflection on this case also suggests a different explanation of apparently conservative judgments that merits consideration in its own right. (shrink)

"Content and Comportment argues persuasively that the answer to some long-standing questions in epistemology and metaphysics lies in taking up the neglected question of the role of our bodily activity in establishing connections between representational states—knowledge and belief in particular—and their objects in the world. It takes up these ideas from both current mainstream analytic philosophy—Frege, Dummett, Davidson, Evans—and from mainstream continental work—Heidegger and his commentators and critics—and bings them together successfully in a way that should surprise only those who (...) persist in maintaining this barren dichotymization of the field.". (shrink)

In this paper, I provide an easy road to nominalism which does not rely on a Field-type nominalization strategy for mathematics. According to this proposal, applications of mathematics to science, and alleged mathematical explanations of physical phenomena, only emerge when suitable physical interpretations of the mathematical formalism are advanced. And since these interpretations are rarely distinguished from the mathematical formalism, the impression arises that mathematical explanations derive from the mathematical formalism alone. I correct this misimpression by pointing out, in the (...) cases recently discussed by Mark Colyvan, exactly where the interpretations of the formalism were invoked and the function they played in the resulting explanations. A viable form of easy - road nominalism, which is also sensitive to scientific practice, then arises. (shrink)

Si tratta di una raccolta di saggi scritti tra il '65 e il '69 e pubblicati una prima volta nel 1971. Rivisti e parzialmente aggiornati vengono riproposti con la vecchia introduzione nella quale l'autore polemizza con le critiche della ragione scientifica che caratterizzarono alcuni aspetti della cultura del '68. Il primo saggio è dedicato al declino della astrologia all'inizio dell'età moderna; sottolineando il divario tra la concezione magica che caratterizza la visione astrologica del mondo e le posizione di quella che (...) sarebbe diventata la scienza, Paolo Rossi rivaluta gli scritti contro l'astrologia di Pico della Mirandola. Dopo un breve scritto su Leonardo, l'autore analizza i rapporti tra pensiero baconiano e cristianesimo. Segue un saggio che riesamina alcuni problemi di interpretazione delle lettere di Galileo a Piero Dini e a Cristina di Lorena. Nei capitoli successivi vengono affrontate varie questioni quali, il passaggio dalla concezione aristotelica a quella moderna, il peso di alcune ipotesi astronomiche e in particolare la crisi dell'antropocentrismo. Gli ultimi due capitoli dedicati a dispute di linguistica e di geologia sono particolarmente interessanti; infatti queste due discipline occupano una posizione anomala nella cultura del seicento. Se a quel tempo esistevano matematici, astronomi, medici, non si può certo parlare di linguisti o geologi propriamente detti, questo fatto rende particolarmente difficile e interessante ricostruire lo sviluppo di concetti appartenenti a branche della scienza che non erano ancora consce della loro autonomia. (shrink)

Ground, essence, and modality seem to have something to do with each other. Can we provide unified foundations for ground and essence, or should we treat each as primitives? Can modality be grounded in essence, or should essence be expressed in terms of modality? Does grounding entail necessitation? Are the notions of ground and essence univocal? This volume focuses on the links—or lack thereof—between these three notions, as well as the foundations of ground, essence, and modality more generally, bringing together (...) work on the metaphysics, epistemology, and logic of these three notions by some of the leading figures in the field as well as emerging young scholars. The invited contributors to this volume presented their work at a conference on Ground, Essence, and Modality at the University of Helsinki in June 2016, funded by the Academy of Finland Project The Epistemology of Metaphysics: From Rationalism to Nominalism. This conference is just one of many recent high-profile events and publications on these themes (e.g., the edited volumes Correia and Schnieder 2012a; Sirkel and Tahko 2014; Jago 2016). After providing a brief historical summary of the (re)emergence of modality, essence and ground as central notions in metaphysics (Sect. 1), we shall outline some of the main themes in recent work on these notions and on the links between them (Sect. 2). In Sect. 3 we briefly introduce the papers in this volume. (shrink)

O. R. Jones; VIII—Things Known Without Observation, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 61, Issue 1, 1 June 1961, Pages 129–150, https://doi.org/10.

The grammarian Caesellius Vindex, writing under Trajan, criticized Furius Antias for his newly coined verbs lutescere, noctescere, opulescere and vīrescere. Their meanings in classical Latin are classified by Nicolaie as follows: becoming, the intensification of a quality, the acquisition of a quality. Their number increases in post-classical Latin, in which we also find them used causatively as transitive verbs, e.g. innotescere ‘make known’; Gellius' causative use of inolesco is mentioned below. Incohative verbs descend to Romance languages, where forms in -o (...) and in -sco both contribute to some conjugations, e.g. Fr. finir, finissant; It. finire, finisco, and to English. (shrink)

Although the idea of the public interest features prominently in many accounts of deliberative democracy, the relationship between deliberative democracy and the public interest is rarely spelt out with any degree of precision. In this article, I identify and defend one particular way of framing this relationship. I begin by arguing that people can deliberate about the public interest only if the public interest is, in principle, identifiable independently of their deliberations. Of course, some pluralists claim that the public interest (...) is an implausible idea, which casts doubt on the idea that there might be something for people to deliberate about. Yet while, following Brian Barry, we can get around this problem by defining the public interest as an interest in which everyone shares qua member of the public, what still needs to be explained is why people should be prepared to privilege this particular capacity. I argue that the account of political equality with which deliberative democracy is bound up offers a compelling explanation of this sort, even if it also gives rise to some difficult questions of feasibility. I conclude by considering the charge that any political scheme that framed the relationship between deliberative democracy and the public interest in this way would be undesirable. (shrink)

For the Enlightenment, science represented an ideal of rational argument, behaviour and community against which could be judged the arbitrary power and authority of other spheres of human practice. This Enlightenment ideal runs through much liberal and socialist theory. However, the Enlightenment picture of science has appeared to many to be increasingly uncompelling. What explains the apparent decline of the Enlightenment vision? This book explores one neglected answer originally proposed by Husserl, that its decline is rooted in formalism, in the (...) view that all there is to theoretical science is the construction and mastery of formal systems. O'Neill demonstrates formalist accounts of mathematics and natural science to be inadequate, and then considers and rejects Husserl's views on the origin of the formalization of the sciences. The book concludes by arguing that the rise of a formalist view of the sciences is founded in the professionalization of modern science, and discusses the significance of this professionalization for the fate of the Enlightenment view of science. Worlds Without Content: Against Formalism tackles an important set of issues which have been neglected in recent philosophy of science, and in so doing highlights themes in Husserl's later works which have been ignored by most commentators. It will be of particular interest for philosophers of mathematics, science and social theory, and for historians of mathematics and philosophy. (shrink)

This paper advances the thesis that sensory concepts have as a semantic component the first-person indexical. It is argued that the private nature of our access to our own sensations forces, in our talking about them, an indexical reference to the inner states of the speaker in lieu of publicly accessible properties by which reference is usually fixed. Indexicals, such as ‘here’, can be understood despite ignorance of their referent. Such is the case with sensory terms. Furthermore, the thesis that (...) sensory terms are indexical has considerable explanatory power. I give two examples: firstly, I argue that clashes of intuition over Block's ‘inverted spectrum’ thought experiment can be explained by appeal to semantic properties of indexicals. Secondly, I argue that multiple realisability intuitions can be shown to be consistent with the view that sensations are type-identical with brain states. (shrink)

The results of two experiments provide the first direct demonstration that subjects can process a word lexically despite concurrently being engaged in decoding a task cue telling them which of two tasks to perform. These results, taken together with others, point to qualitative differences between the mind‘s ability to engage in lexical versus sublexical processing during the time they are engaged with other tasks. The emerging picture is one in which some form of resource plays little role during lexical processing (...) whereas the need for some form of resource during sublexical processing serves to bottleneck performance. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo es el de analizar semiótica, estructural, estética e históricamente las caricaturas divulgadas en una de las mayores publicaciones de la prensa afín al Partido Comunista de España en México, esto es, "España Popular" (fundada en 1940 con el nombre de "España Popular: semanario al servicio del pueblo español"). Para ello, se tomará como punto de partida metodológico las dos tareas principales que Piero Polidoro otorga a la semiótica visual: La primera es explicar qué es (...) y cómo funciona el lenguaje visual: ¿cómo hacemos para reconocer el significado de una imagen, cuán rico es este significado, cómo se combina con otros? La segunda tarea, directamente unida a la primera, es la de estructurar los textos visuales (un cuadro, una fotografía, un cómic, una marca corporativa) para comprender qué y cómo consiguen comunicar (2016: 11-12). En consecuencia, se van a examinar las caricaturas como textos visuales y como representaciones del mundo (o de un mundo basado, hasta cierto punto, en los principios ideológicos y propagandísticos del marxismo). Del mismo modo, este análisis prestará especial atención a las técnicas discursivas que subyacen en esas caricaturas para persuadir al lector-observador a inferir/hacer (o no) determinadas cosas bajo estructuras narrativas basadas en la seducción, la intimidación, la manipulación y la provocación. Y es que las caricaturas —frente a las fotos y a otro tipo de imágenes de ese periódico del exilio— despliegan una sutil labor propagandística (no siempre visible a primera vista por no contener consignas moscovitas y por usar un humor satírico catártico). En cualquier caso, las caricaturas son una buena representación de los instrumentos de poder (y de contrapoder) generados en momentos históricos clave como el franquismo, la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la Guerra Fría. (shrink)

O'Hagan agrees with Dent that in Rousseau's idea of "amour-propre" we encounter a powerful, coherent model of human psychology, according to which individuals find their own identities by engaging in a network of relationships within a more or less reconstituted social order. He examines five ways in which people strive to attain that goal and five ways in which they characteristically fail. In the sixth section he discusses Rousseau's strategy of retreat from society, which is also a retreat from the (...) demands of "amour-propre". (shrink)

This essay considers a number of proposals for liberal political democracy in East Asian societies, and some of the critical responses such proposals have attracted from political philosophers and from East Asian intellectuals and leaders. These proposals may well be ill-suited to the distinctive traditional values of societies claiming a Confucian inheritance. Offered here instead is a pragmatist- and Confucian-inspired vision of participatory democracy in civic life that is possibly better able to address the problem of conserving and continuing these (...) traditional values through times of economic and social change. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Meta‐ethics and normative ethics Intrinsic value Is the rejection of meta‐ethical realism compatible with an environmental ethic? Objective value and the flourishing of living things Human sensibilities and environmental values Environmental ethics through thick and thin.

The development of a professional code of ethics should provide an explanation of the professional values and principals that guide a body of persons engaged in an important role in society. Most professions find ethical standards of conduct are necessary to codify acceptable behavior to develop public trust, reliability, and consistency in their performance. The proposed AMS Code of Ethics for Marketing Educators is the first step in developing communication, debate, and hopefully, agreement about the social responsibility of the marekting (...) discipline. It is important to note that the AMS code was not developed to punish wrongdoers but to provide a positive guide to help marketing educators understand how their actions may be viewed by society. It is an attempt to establish standards that are collectively viewed as important to the marketing education profession. (shrink)

Deception is a useful methodological device for studying attitudes and behavior, but deceptive studies fail to fulfill the informed consent requirements in the U.S. federal regulations. This means that before they can be approved by Institutional Review Boards, they must satisfy the four regulatory conditions for a waiver or alteration of these requirements. To illustrate our interpretation, we apply the conditions to a recent study that used deception to show that subjects judged the same wine as more enjoyable when they (...) believed it had a higher price. (shrink)

This article argues that Jacques Derrida’s Politics of Friendship presents an implicit but significant critique of Maurice Blanchot’s The Unavowable Community. In Blanchot’s text, the Other disrupts any sense of fusional or essentialist community. But Derrida criticises Blanchot for neglecting the need to negotiate my responsibility to infinite others. Derrida proposes a logic of the plus un, playing on this double meaning in French, where a need to count singularities (‘plus one’) disrupts the unity of community (‘no longer one’). For (...) Derrida, this offers a greater emphasis on those outside the boundaries of constituted communities, something he finds lacking in Blanchot. I demonstrate that Derrida’s position is a challenge to an emerging xenophobic discourse in 1980s French politics. I propose, therefore, that Derrida’s difference with Blanchot is motivated as much by a political difference as a philosophical one, with Derrida judging Blanchot’s account inadequate for contemporary political concerns. (shrink)

This chapter examines the notion of philosophical truth that Adorno, in Negative Dialectics, believes to be possible by means of his changed conception of philosophy. What that examination finds is that philosophical truth, as Adorno recommends it, is realized through “singular” philosophical experiences. The critical question is that of how the truths that are conveyed through “singularity” can be understood to have persuasive force over us, Adorno's readers. Also examined is the relationship between the philosophically authentic “singularity” approach and the (...) critical endeavors evident, in the same book, through Adorno's engagements with a range of figures from the modern philosophical tradition. (shrink)

Responsibility and accountability of CEOs has been a major ethical concern over the past 10 years. Major ethical dilemmas at Enron, Worldcom, AIG, as well as other well-known organizations have been at least partially blamed on CEO malfeasance. Interviews with Ken Lay, CEO of Enron, after his 2006 fraud convictions provides an opportunity to document his perceived role in the demise of Enron. Possibly no other CEO has had as much impact on the scrutiny and legalization of business ethics as (...) Ken Lay. This analysis is timely because of many information sources now available and the recent Supreme Court decisions on Enron conviction appeals. Using Ken Lay as the focal point, a review of literature provides the background for research questions to explore the role of the CEO in developing an ethical corporate culture. (shrink)

In this article, it is shown that, following the precedent set in particular by Marinus' "Life of Proclus", Damascius, in his "Life of Isidore", uses biography so as to illustrate philosophical progress through the Neoplatonic scale of virtues. Damascius applies this scale, however, to a wide range of figures belonging to pagan philosophical circles of the fifth century AD: they show different degrees and forms of progress in this scale and thus provide an edificatory panorama of patterns of philosophical perfection. (...) Each level of the scale of virtues is shown to be exemplified in Damascius' biographies. It is suggested that few, in Damascius' opinion, reached the highest levels of virtue and that philosophical decline is intimated in his descriptions of his contemporaries. (shrink)

This piece explicates some chief modes of consciousness in phenomenology in order to show that a very significant challenge of virtuality surfaces both within, as well as outside of, the discipline. This issue is of no small importance today, where the difference between perception and imagination, real and irreal, as well as presence and absence, are all becoming increasingly vague because of new technologies and the intrinsic virtualities involved therein. In this context, the question is: Where does virtuality fit in (...) such a picture? I will argue that phenomenology can start to account for such developments, although much more explicative work will be required in the future. With this in mind, sections two to four will articulate an initial phenomenology of perception, phantasy, and image-consciousness, as found chiefly in works by Husserl and Sartre. Then, section five will question the preceding phenomenological theory through some phenomenological and non-phenomenological thinkers, who all seem to have a concept of virtuality at the heart of their work. Lastly, in the final two sections I will suggest a difference between real and irreal virtualities, and briefly mention some current virtual technologies in order to show that there is a constant and complex interplay between the real, irreal, and the virtual in many of our everyday experiences—an interplay that needs to be investigated much further if we are to make sense of how it is changing how we think and behave. (shrink)

Key issues in the philosophy of mind, examined by leading figures in the field.

By claiming that “just war is just war,” critics suggest that just war theory both distracts from and sanitizes the horror of modern warfare by dressing it up in the language of moral principles. However, the phrase can also be taken as a reminder of why we need just war theory in the first place. It is precisely because just war is just war, with all that this implies, that we must think so carefully and so judiciously about it. Of (...) course, one could argue that the rump of just war scholarship over the past decade has been characterized by disinterest regarding the material realities of warfare. But is this still the case? This essay examines a series of benchmark books on the ethics of war published over the past year. All three exemplify an effort to grapple with the hard facts of modern violent conflict, and they all skillfully bring diverse traditions of just war thinking into conversation with one another. (shrink)

On the dominant economic approach to environmental policy, environmental goods are conceptualised as forms of capital that provide services for human well-being. These services are assigned a monetary value to be weighed against the values of other goods and services. David Wiggins has offered a set of arguments against central assumptions about the nature of well-being, practical reason and ethical deliberation that underpin this dominant economic approach. In this paper I outline these arguments and consider their implications for understanding ethical (...) demands across generations. The paper focuses, in particular, on their implications for understanding the nature and requirements of sustainability. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo se centra en el poema Seudoaraucana de Elvira Hernández (2010; 2017) a partir de la reescritura como recurso articulador de una mirada descentrada y amplificada del texto fuente, La Araucana de Ercilla y Zúñiga. Como hipótesis se plantea que la reescritura discute fenómenos sociales vinculados con las fisuras de la nación chilena y los procesos políticos de la actual coyuntura. Como objetivo, se busca establecer un diálogo con la tradición y el campo literario en torno a la (...) épica, por un lado, y con las reconsideraciones críticas acerca de la imaginación poética de la historia, por otro. Abstract The article focuses on the poem Seudoaraucana by Elvira Hernández (2010; 2017) based on the rewriting as an articulating resource of an off-center and amplified look at the source text, La Araucana de Ercilla y Zúñiga. As a hypothesis, it proposes that the rewriting discusses social phenomena linked to the fissures of the Chilean nation and the political processes of the current situation. As an objective, it tries to establish a dialogue with the tradition and the literary field around the epic, on the one hand, and with critical reconsiderations about the poetic imagination of history, on the other. (shrink)