Results for 'Ruth Dreyfus'

945 found
Order:
  1.  28
    A collaborative conference on women as research subjects.Ruth Dreyfus - 1998 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 20 (6):12.
  2.  16
    Advocacy, Oversight, and Research EthicsWhen Science Offers Salvation: Patient Advocacy and Research Ethics.Ruth Dreyfus & Rebecca Dresser - 2002 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 24 (4):13.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3. Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories: New Foundations for Realism.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1984 - MIT Press.
    Preface by Daniel C. Dennett Beginning with a general theory of function applied to body organs, behaviors, customs, and both inner and outer representations, ...
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1347 citations  
  4. Varieties of Meaning: The 2002 Jean Nicod Lectures.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 2004 - MIT Press.
    How the various things that are said to have meaning—purpose, natural signs, linguistic signs, perceptions, and thoughts—are related to one another.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   318 citations  
  5. In defense of proper functions.Ruth Millikan - 1989 - Philosophy of Science 56 (June):288-302.
    I defend the historical definition of "function" originally given in my Language, Thought and Other Biological Categories (1984a). The definition was not offered in the spirit of conceptual analysis but is more akin to a theoretical definition of "function". A major theme is that nonhistorical analyses of "function" fail to deal adequately with items that are not capable of performing their functions.
    Direct download (13 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   540 citations  
  6. Biosemantics.Ruth Millikan - 1989 - Journal of Philosophy 86 (6):281-97.
    " Biosemantics " was the title of a paper on mental representation originally printed in The Journal of Philosophy in 1989. It contained a much abbreviated version of the work on mental representation in Language Thought and Other Biological Categories. There I had presented a naturalist theory of intentional signs generally, including linguistic representations, graphs, charts and diagrams, road sign symbols, animal communications, the "chemical signals" that regulate the function of glands, and so forth. But the term " biosemantics " (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   271 citations  
  7. Moral dilemmas and consistency.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1980 - Journal of Philosophy 77 (3):121-136.
    Marcus argues that moral dilemmas are real, but that they are not the result of inconsistent moral principles. Moral principles are consistent just in case there is some world where all principles are 'obeyable.' They are inconsistent just in case there is no world where all are 'obeyable.' What this logical point is meant to show is that moral dilemmas do not make moral codes inconsistent. She also discusses guilt, and argues that guilt is still appropriate even in cases of (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   149 citations  
  8. Historical kinds and the "special sciences".Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1999 - Philosophical Studies 95 (1-2):45-65.
    There are no "special sciences" in Fodor's sense. There is a large group of sciences, "historical sciences," that differ fundamentally from the physical sciences because they quantify over a different kind of natural or real kind, nor are the generalizations supported by these kinds exceptionless. Heterogeneity, however, is not characteristic of these kinds. That there could be an univocal empirical science that ranged over multiple realizations of a functional property is quite problematic. If psychological predicates name multiply realized functionalist properties, (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   150 citations  
  9. Thoughts without laws: Cognitive science with content.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1986 - Philosophical Review 95 (January):47-80.
  10. Do We Have Normative Powers?Ruth Chang - 2020 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 94 (1):275-300.
    ‘Normative powers’ are capacities to create normative reasons by our willing or say-so. They are significant, because if we have them and exercise them, then sometimes the reasons we have are ‘up to us’. But such powers seem mysterious. How can we, by willing, create reasons? In this paper, I examine whether normative powers can be adequately explained normatively, by appeal to norms of a practice, normative principles, human interests, or values. Can normative explanations of normative powers explain how an (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  11. A common structure for concepts of individuals, stuffs, and real kinds: More Mama, more milk, and more mouse.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):55-65.
    Concepts are highly theoretical entities. One cannot study them empirically without committing oneself to substantial preliminary assumptions. Among the competing theories of concepts and categorization developed by psychologists in the last thirty years, the implicit theoretical assumption that what falls under a concept is determined by description () has never been seriously challenged. I present a nondescriptionist theory of our most basic concepts, which include (1) stuffs (gold, milk), (2) real kinds (cat, chair), and (3) individuals (Mama, Bill Clinton, the (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   83 citations  
  12. Transformative Choices.Ruth Chang - 2015 - Res Philosophica 92 (2):237-282.
    This paper proposes a way to understand transformative choices, choices that change ‘who you are.’ First, it distinguishes two broad models of transformative choice: 1) ‘event-based’ transformative choices in which some event—perhaps an experience—downstream from a choice transforms you, and 2) ‘choice-based’ transformative choices in which the choice itself—and not something downstream from the choice—transforms you. Transformative choices are of interest primarily because they purport to pose a challenge to standard approaches to rational choice. An examination of the event-based transformative (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   24 citations  
  13. (1 other version)Truth, rules, hoverflies, and the Kripke-Wittgenstein paradox.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1990 - Philosophical Review 99 (3):323-53.
  14. (1 other version)A functional calculus of first order based on strict implication.Ruth C. Barcan - 1946 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (1):1-16.
  15. (1 other version)Pushmi-pullyu representations.Ruth G. Millikan - 1987 - In James E. Tomberlin, Philosophical Perspectives. Atascadero, Calif.: Ridgeview Publishing. pp. 185-200.
    A list of groceries, Professor Anscombe once suggested, might be used as a shopping list, telling what to buy, or it might be used as an inventory list, telling what has been bought (Anscombe 1957). If used as a shopping list, the world is supposed to conform to the representation: if the list does not match what is in the grocery bag, it is what is in the bag that is at fault. But if used as an inventory list, the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   77 citations  
  16. (1 other version)The identity of individuals in a strict functional calculus of second order.Ruth C. Barcan - 1947 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 12 (1):12-15.
  17. Introducing substance concepts.Ruth G. Millikan - 2000 - In Ruth Garrett Millikan, On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay About Substance Concepts. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  18. The myth of the essential indexical.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1990 - Noûs 24 (5):723-734.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   62 citations  
  19. On swampkinds.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1996 - Mind and Language 11 (1):103-17.
    Suppose lightning strikes a dead tree in a swamp; I am standing nearby. My body is reduced to its elements, while entirely by coincidence (and out of different molecules) the tree is turned into my physical replica. My replica, The Swampman.....moves into my house and seems to write articles on radical interpretation. No one can tell the difference.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   49 citations  
  20.  47
    Can valid inferences be suppressed?Ruth M. J. Byrne - 1991 - Cognition 39 (1):71-78.
  21. Styles of Rationality.Ruth Millikan - 2006 - In Susan Hurley & Matthew Nudds, Rational Animals? Oxford University Press.
    By whatever general principles and mechanisms animal behavior is governed, human behavior control rides piggyback on top of the same or very similar mechanisms. We have reflexes. We can be conditioned. The movements that make up our smaller actions are mostly caught up in perception-action cycles following perceived Gibsonian affordances. Still, without doubt there are levels of behavior control that are peculiar to humans. Following Aristotle, tradition has it that what is added in humans is rationality ("rational soul"). Rationality, however, (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   50 citations  
  22.  70
    Pain in the past and pleasure in the future: The development of past–future preferences for hedonic goods.Ruth Lee, Christoph Hoerl, Patrick Burns, Alison Sutton Fernandes, Patrick A. O'Connor & Teresa McCormack - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (9):e12887.
    It seems self-evident that people prefer painful experiences to be in the past and pleasurable experiences to lie in the future. Indeed, it has been claimed that, for hedonic goods, this preference is absolute (Sullivan, 2018). Yet very little is known about the extent to which people demonstrate explicit preferences regarding the temporal location of hedonic experiences, about the developmental trajectory of such preferences, and about whether such preferences are impervious to differences in the quantity of envisaged past and future (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  23. Biofunctions: Two paradigms.Ruth Millikan - 2002 - In André Ariew, Robert Cummins & Mark Perlman, Functions: New Essays in the Philosophy of Psychology and Biology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 113-143.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   52 citations  
  24. Perceptual content and Fregean myth.Ruth G. Millikan - 1991 - Mind 100 (399):439-459.
  25.  82
    A Theory of Legal Argumentation: The Theory of Rational Discourse as Theory of Legal Justification.Ruth Adler (ed.) - 1989 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Robert Alexy develops his influential theory of legal reasoning exploring the nature of legal argumentation and its relation to practical reasoning. In doing so he sheds light on fundamental questions of law and rationality, which are as crucial to practising lawyers and law students as they are to scholars of legal theory.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  26. Essentialism in modal logic.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1967 - Noûs 1 (1):91-96.
  27.  85
    Meaning and Mental Representation.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (2):422.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   40 citations  
  28. Moral progress.Ruth Macklin - 1977 - Ethics 87 (4):370-382.
  29. Interpreting quantification.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1962 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 5 (1-4):252 – 259.
    Alternative readings of quantification are considered. The absence of an unequivocal translation into ordinary speech is noted. Some examples are cited which, in the opinion of the author, are a result of equivocal readings of quantification, or unnecessarily restrictive readings which obscure its primary function.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   33 citations  
  30. More about moral dilemmas.Ruth Barcan Marcus & H. E. Mason - 1996 - In H. E. Mason, Moral dilemmas and moral theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   37 citations  
  31. Speaking up for Darwin.Ruth G. Millikan - 1990 - In Barry M. Loewer, Meaning in Mind: Fodor and His Critics. Cambridge: Blackwell. pp. 151-164.
  32. Compare and contrast Dretske, Fodor, and Millikan on teleosemantics.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1990 - Philosophical Topics 18 (2):151-61.
  33.  80
    Human genetic research: emerging trends in ethics.Ruth Chadwick & Bartha Maria Knoppers - 2005 - .
    Genetic research has moved from Mendelian genetics to sequence maps to the study of natural human genetic variation at the level of the genome. This past decade of discovery has been accompanied by a shift in emphasis towards the ethical principles of reciprocity, mutuality, solidarity, citizenry and universality.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   36 citations  
  34. A functional calculus of first order based on strict implication.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1946 - [n. p.,: [N. P..
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  35.  23
    Misrepresenting “Usual Care” in Research: An Ethical and Scientific Error.Ruth Macklin & Charles Natanson - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (1):31-39.
    ABSTRACTComparative effectiveness studies, referred to here as “usual-care” trials, seek to compare current medical practices for the same medical condition. Such studies are presumed to be safe and involve only minimal risks. However, that presumption may be flawed if the trial design contains “unusual” care, resulting in potential risks to subjects and inaccurately informed consent. Three case studies described here did not rely on clinical evidence to ascertain contemporaneous practice. As a result, the investigators drew inaccurate conclusions, misinformed research participants, (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  36. Ethics in human subjects research: Do incentives matter?Ruth W. Grant & Jeremy Sugarman - 2004 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 29 (6):717 – 738.
    There is considerable confusion regarding the ethical appropriateness of using incentives in research with human subjects. Previous work on determining whether incentives are unethical considers them as a form of undue influence or coercive offer. We understand the ethical issue of undue influence as an issue, not of coercion, but of corruption of judgment. By doing so we find that, for the most part, the use of incentives to recruit and retain research subjects is innocuous. But there are some instances (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   32 citations  
  37. Rationality and believing the impossible.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1983 - Journal of Philosophy 80 (6):321-338.
  38.  50
    (1 other version)Modalities.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1996 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 56 (4):978-979.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   30 citations  
  39. Quantification and ontology.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1972 - Noûs 6 (3):240-250.
  40. Can Steadfast Peer Disagreement Be Rational?Weintraub Ruth - 2013 - Philosophical Quarterly 63 (253):740-759.
    According to conciliatory views about peer disagreement, both peers must accord their disagreeing peer some weight, and move towards him. Non‐conciliatory views allow one peer, the one who responded correctly to the evidence, to remain steadfast. In this paper, I consider the suggestion that it may be rational for both disagreeing peers to hold steadfastly to their opinion. To this end, I contend with arguments adduced against the permissiveness the supposition involves, and identify some ways in which different responses for (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  41. Essential attribution.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1971 - Journal of Philosophy 68 (7):187-202.
  42. Explanation in biopsychology.Ruth G. Millikan - 1995 - In Pascal Engel, Mental causation. Oxford University Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  43. Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously.Ruth Kastner, Stuart Kauffman & Michael Epperson - 2018 - International Journal of Quantum Foundations 4 (2):158-172.
    It is argued that quantum theory is best understood as requiring an ontological duality of res extensa and res potentia, where the latter is understood per Heisenberg’s original proposal, and the former is roughly equivalent to Descartes’ ‘extended substance.’ However, this is not a dualism of mutually exclusive substances in the classical Cartesian sense, and therefore does not inherit the infamous ‘mind-body’ problem. Rather, res potentia and res extensa are proposed as mutually implicative ontological extants that serve to explain the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  44. The Dark Side of Authority: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Outcomes of Organizational Corruption.Ruth V. Aguilera & Abhijeet K. Vadera - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 77 (4):431-449.
    Corruption poisons corporations in America and around the world, and has devastating consequences for the entire social fabric. In this article, we focus on organizational corruption, described as the abuse of authority for personal benefit, and draw on Weber’s three ideal-types of legitimate authority to develop a theoretical model to better understand the antecedents of different types of organizational corruption. Specifically, we examine the types of business misconduct that organizational leaders are likely to engage in, contingent on their legitimate authority, (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  45.  47
    The right to a self-determined death as expression of the right to freedom of personal development: The German Constitutional Court takes a clear stand on assisted suicide.Ruth Horn - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (6):416-417.
    On 26 February 2020, the German Constitutional Court rejected a law from 2015 that prohibited any form of ‘business-like’ assisted suicide as unconstitutional. The landmark ruling of the highest federal court emphasised the high priority given to the rights of autonomy and free personal development, both of which constitute the principle of human dignity, the first principle of the German constitution. The ruling echoes particularities of post-war Germany’s end-of-life debate focusing on patient self-determination while rejecting any discussion of active assistance (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  46.  40
    "Huxley, Lubbock, and Half a Dozen Others": Professionals and Gentlemen in the Formation of the X Club, 1851-1864.Ruth Barton - 1998 - Isis 89 (3):410-444.
  47. Against Constitutive Incommensurability or Buying and Selling Friends.Ruth Chang - 2001 - Noûs 35 (s1):33 - 60.
    Recently, some of the leading proponents of the view that there is widespread incommensurability among goods have suggested that the incommensurability of some goods is a constitutive feature of the goods themselves. So, for example, a friendship and a million dollars are incommensurable because it is part of what it is to be a friendship that it be incommensurable with money. According to these ‘constitutive incommensurabilists’ incommensurability follows from the very nature of certain goods. In this paper, I examine this (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  48. Extensionality.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1960 - Mind 69 (273):55-62.
  49.  21
    Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Misrepresenting ‘Usual Care’ in Research: An Ethical and Scientific Error”.Ruth Macklin & Charles Natanson - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (1):W12-W14.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  50. (1 other version)Comment on Artiga’s “Teleosemantics and Pushmi-Pullyu Representations”.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 2021 - Erkenntnis 88 (1):1-9.
    “Teleosemantics and Pushmi-Pullyu Representations” (call it “TP-PR,” this journal 2014 79.3, 545–566) argues that core teleosemantics, particularly as defined in Millikan (Language, thought and other biological categories, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1984, J Philos 86(6):281–297, 1989, White queen psychology and other essays for Alice, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1993, Philosophical perspectives, Ridgeview Publishing, Alascadero, 1996, Varieties of meaning, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2004–2008), seems to imply that all descriptive representations are at the same time directive and that directives are at the same time (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
1 — 50 / 945